The Horror Of Red Dragon - 986 Words

Horror for years has put people on the edge of their seats, begging the audience for more, even while scared out of their minds. Horror is an intense emotion that shows disgust and fear. This feeling is something some people might seek out for entertainment purposes–movies for example. The most interesting horror movie genres are serial killer, demon/ghost, and alien films. The first example of a horror movie genre are serial killer films. Serial killer flicks are meant to seek one’s inner fear so one might begin to question â€Å"what if?† Serial killers exist all throughout history and can be found in almost any place one might look. These movies strike fear into the viewer using real life scenarios but from the safety of a person’s own couch. Red Dragon is one of my personal favorite horror films. Will Graham has to use Hannibal Lector, an incarcerated formal cannibal murderer, to catch a serial killer called the Tooth Fairy. Hannibal has always been a series of books and movies that interest me. Halloween, the remake by Rob Zombie, also strikes panic into the viewer. It describes Michael Myers’s mental problems that developed at a young age, and now that pent up rage and anxiety took off and he became a blood lusting murder. I first saw Halloween at my mom’s house at about 1A.M. I was not supposed to be up at such a late hour, so sneaking into the living room and watching a serial killer cinematic would not be please to my tired and grumpy mother. I made it to the very endShow MoreRelatedThe Creatures Of The Mountains Of Ankar1220 Words   |  5 Pagesmountains of Ankar, resided an ancient breed of dragon. They were fire dragons, and were used to the frosty, high peaks they inhabited. Living for thousands upon thousands of years, these creatures ruled atop their mountain. Ruling as they please, and doing as they liked to the beings below them. They soared high in the sky without a fear in the world. 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Current Treatments Free Essays

Technological advances are probably one of the most beneficial things that happened to man. It has allowed people to live their lives easier with the help of machines and programs. One area that seems to benefit from technological innovations is the medical field. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Treatments or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, the latest developments in medicine and health care have provided people the opportunity to live longer and more comfortably. This is evidenced by better medications, diagnosis, and treatment plans for patients. Personally, I believe that the need for better health care led scientists and health care providers to the development of current treatments. Better knowledge in technology also helped professionals in establishing and discovering new treatments for patients. This is seen in Maguire’s (2002) study wherein he compared two patients who has the same type of illness. One is a former patient who appeared to have succumbed to the symptoms of schizophrenia and was not able to improve and live a normal life even with the medications available at that time. The other patient receives a newer medication for schizophrenia and is able to go back to school and live comfortably. The latter patient was able to benefit from the improvements in the field of health care. â€Å"With advancements in such medications, patients with schizophrenia no longer need to lead a life totally dictated by this order† (Maguire, 2002, p. 10). â€Å"Consequently, they need considerable support and approval in therapy, to help them disclose symptoms that typically seem shameful to them and make the potentially frightening behavioral changes that will be asked of them† (Author, p. 277). Professionals in the field of health care should never be contented with the current treatments and should always look for ways to improve the lives of patients. This can be especially said in the field of psychotherapy wherein current treatment plans and strategies will not always work for every individual and the changing of times affect people’s behaviors, which can affect the treatments that were once thought as the best ones. How to cite Current Treatments, Papers

Marketing & Management for Private Lavel Brand †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Private Lavel Brand. Answer: Introduction Planter peanut company is an organization that was founded in 1906 and a division ofKraft Foods and has completed a century in the U.S. market in this year. This organization is known for its processednuts and the icon for the organization that is Mr. Peanut is famous. The annual revenue obtained by this organization in the year 2016 until now is $997.2 million that is lower than the private level brand, which earned $1225.5 (Statista 2016). Figure 1: Sales of the nuts brands in the United States in 2016 (Source: Statista 2016) However, this organization is struggling for better productivity and profitability due to their low performance and thus, the principal objective of this assignment is to diagnose the problem along with the analysis of consumer behaviour in the snack nut category so that their performance can be resolved. In addition to that, the marketing research strategy undertaken by the Kraft Foods Group that is different from the Planters Nuts Company which is followed by the Planters Nuts current segmentation, targeting and positioning. Lastly, the assignment wraps up with some recommended strategy regarding brand positioning of the concerned organization so that better productivity can be achieved. Discussion This section comprises of the 5C framework that consists of the company, its customer, competitors, collaborator and context. The context can be welly described through the PEST analysis by depicting the environmental factor about the concerned organization. In addition to that, a factor in consumer behaviour will also be covered in this section along with the current segmentation, targeting and positioning. Application of the 5Cs framework for evaluating the Planters Nuts problem Figure 2: 5C Framework of marketing (Source: Yadav et al. 2013) Company Moradi et al. (2013) depict that even though the organization has gained popularity for their products but they had to struggle for their low margin price. The prime reason for this low margin is the volatile price of the peanuts, which is not declining at an exponential rate but do so at a steady pace over a period. Additionally, Yadav et al. (2013) portray that organization had to struggle after introducing almonds and pistachios and thus suffered from leaky bucket problem due to which they lose customers and market share.It is also evident from the case study that a majority of people prefer almonds to other nuts, as they are a health concern. Figure 3: Customer Perceptions towards Nuts (Source: Planters.com 2016) Thus, from the above statistics, it is evident that expect low-income group; every other group prefers the consumption of almonds compared to any other nuts. Another strategy due to which they are struggling is that they do not spend much on the advertisement. Planters have spent $15.million whereas their competitor Wonderful have to spend $21.4 million (Planters.com 2016). Customer The customers they are targeting for the consumption of the business products are health conscious people and the people who intend to purchase wholesome snacks and favor healthy nuts over processed nuts products (Ruteri and Xu 2013). The problem that they face is that they lose some revenue for almonds and pistachios, who cannot afford those costly products and the high-income group does not prefer to buy tradition peanuts products for which the organization is famous in the community. Moreover, Ngo and O'Cass (2013) portrayed that when the organization takes initiatives for boosting their sales up by manufacturing mixed nuts. The primary reason is to provide customers a chance to purchase every flavour of nuts in one packet, it was a complete failure of their business strategy, as they do not survey for the customers demands and thus have to lose a significant percentage of annual revenue. Competitor Ford and Hkansson (2013) depicts that there are a number of competitors who manufactures snacks products to attract customers with their mouth-watering products. Several processed nut-manufacturing products are strong competitors of the concerned organization Planters Nut Company- Store Brand, Wonderful, Blue Diamond, Emerald and Hampton Farmers. Rothlin and McCann (2016) further demonstrated with the statistical details that the competitor nut origination Wonderful also adopts the strategy for advertising their products. It is also found that Wonderful has 65% more market shares than Planters Nuts in sales of pistachios (Planters.com 2016). Moreover, Mkinen et al. (2013) highlight the details of Store Brand that illustrates that this organization leads market shares in every type of nuts except peanuts and mixed nuts. Figure 4: Market share of Planters and its competitors (Source: Planters.com 2016) Ford and Hkansson (2013) also depicts on the target market of the competitors and it is found from his research that their primary target is especially the women who are 35years and above, secondary target market are the health conscious men and lastly, they also emphasizes on the younger men of age 25 to 34years. On the other hand, Planters only target men and health conscious people. Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2013) also illustrates that Emerald is significant competitors as their products to do business is same that of the Planters. Collaborator They do not have any collaborators as they areis the split industry of the Kraft Food Group. They are sole company that sells confectionary nuts products for satisfying their consumer's needs for the nuts products. Context The best tools that can be used in this context are the PEST analysis that can identify their business macro-environmental factors. Image 5: PEST Analysis (Source: Shabanova et al. 2015) Political issues The political issue that is faced by the organization is the new legislation from the regulating bodies that arise from War or Terror. Shabanova et al. (2015) also depict that apart from the variation in the government rule, US has a stable democratic setup that is fair and transparent with the traders and supplier. The government also emphasizes on the formulation of natural products and agriculture so it can be stated that the political factors have a favorable support. Economic issues In recent time US has its GDP of over $16.760 trillion, which is the largest economy in the world. However, Cullingworth and Caves (2013) portrays that the country is suffering from a budget deficitof $506 million that puts the economic prosperity of the country at the grave. Reeves et al. (2012) hence mentioned that these monetary risks affect the business as the cost of the products rise that is not affordable for low-income people. Social impacts As mentioned above, in the society the health consciousness has become a major concern. Bryman and Bell (2015) portrays that this leads to the lesser sale of the peanuts that is the patent products of the Planters. Moreover, the rate of aged people is increasing at an exponential rate in the US and they are recommended by a doctor not to consume must fatty products like nuts due to their health issues, which affect their annual profit by a significant amount. Technological developments According to the viewpoint of Marshall et al. (2014), the company suffers from technological advancement as in recent times organization mostly emphasizes on the information technology. Moreover, Bashan et al. (2014) depict that, their competitor's techniques can be improved for the growth of the peanuts at a massive amount so that more profitability can be attained that the concerned organization lacks. In addition to that, Verbeke (2013) portrays that the organization also implements technology in packaging procedure that was a plastic bottle in older days and a canned package in recent times. The primary benefits of the canned package are that these products are eco-friendly and store the nuts intact in their nutrients benefits than the plastic bottle. Analysis of consumer behaviour Price The Plants nuts company manufactures nuts products for their consumers. Solomon (2014) demonstrates that the price of the product influence the consumer and the low rate of peanut can be easily affordable to communities. However, the concerned organization took initiatives for selling almonds and pistachios and mixed nuts that cost much higher than the peanuts and hence lower-income group cannot afford the price. Health Benefits According to Solomon et al. (2012), nuts products are rich in fats and are good in tastes; however, they do not have positive aspect always. Thus, from the case studies, it can be depicted that people who are more concern about their health do not prefer these products. Doctors also suggest child and elderly people not to consume more nutty products that may affect the sale of their products. Perception This context can be related to the brand equity of an organization, which signifies that it is more important to value the products and the services rather than the brand name. Planters emphasize on five brand equity measures- quality, relevance, uniqueness, popularity and familiarity. Schiffman et al. (2013) further explain that if consumers get premium quality peanuts every time they made a purchase, they will develop a tendency to buy that product compared to other nut products irrespective of the high price. Moreover, the concerned organization celebrates their 100years in 2016 and hence communities of US are well aware of the brand Planter. Marketing research of Kraft Foods Group Vs Planters Nuts Planters Nuts Company is a division of Kraft Foods Group, which is associated with the grocery products for the North American market. Later they had split to an organization named Mondelz International that deals with the business of the international confectionery and snack brands. Verbeke (2013) illustrates that Kraft Food Group emphasizes on the customary practices like an evaluation of brand health. This approach can be achieved by taking survey directly from the customers and gather information about their brands to increase their productivity. The organization targets their conventional consumers that are the men, who belong to 35 to 65years and the people, who understand the value of the naturally remarkable products (From of the case study). On the other hand, it is found that Planter only focuses on the sale of their products and thus the point of difference is the absence of real nourishments that enhance the consumer's health. They also implement the strategy for selling salted and roasted nuts products that may be mouth-watering in taste but consumption of these products more will result in unnecessary fats. Marketing strategy of Planters Nuts The marketing strategy Planters Nuts can be depicted through the marketing 4p strategy. Figure 6: Marketing Mix Strategy (Source: Balogun et al. 2014) Segmentation There are several products that the concerned organization is formulated under five categories- Nuts and seeds, nut mixes, culinary and limited edition products. In this scenario, also Podolyakina and Popova (2014) presented that nuts and seeds comprise of cashews, peanuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, raw nuts, sunflower seeds and nuts and pistachios. Planters also focus on the mixed nuts products that are dessert-inspired mixes, NUT-rition mixes, nuts and trail mixes (Planters.com 2016). The prime objective is to present a wide variety of nutty products to their loyal customers of every age group and income group. Targeting The organization has their firm existence in the markets of United States; however, the parent organization Kraft Food Group, it is headquartered in Chicago and they are providing their grocery items across the globe. Balogun et al. (2014) depict that they also target the busiest streets of the US so that maximum products can access their stores. They also take initiatives for associating with the local retailer's shops at a different location of the US so that every individual can use their products for a better experience. In addition to that, they have also innovated new products for health conscious customers like cooking oil, walnuts and have nut mixes cans as their limited edition products. Moreover, the strategy of the pricing is to be reasonable so that they can target every group of the community. Danziger et al. (2014) further add that they also follow the strategy of the competitive pricing strategy for surviving in the market. The primary objective of this approach is to provide a choice to the customers so that they can select the best products in their budget. Thus, the concerned organization not only values in their pricing strategies but they will also focus on improving the better quality of the products. Positioning In the year 1998, Plants Nuts Company first introduces the PlantersTrail Mix in a NUTmobile, which is a peanut shaped van that promotes their brands and their products. Later in the year 2004, the icon of the Planters brand earned a spot on Madison Avenues Advertising Walk of Fame. Guo et al. (2013) also adopt another promotional strategy for hosting campaigns and one such example is the Power of the Peanut Campaign. The primary objective for adopting the promotional strategy is to make everyone aware of their products for attaining maximum financial growth of the company. Ellickson et al. (2012) on the other hand further adds that promotions also reveals the implementation of the new products like Dessert-Inspired Mixes are introduces in the 2015 and people now enjoy this product as they came to know about this products through their digital campaign. Recommendation for brand positioning Sirianni et al. (2013) define that brand positioning is a procedure of positioning your brand in the customers perception. It is evident from the case study that Planter Nuts Company has followed their brand equity; however, adopting better branding positioning not only provide a competitive advantage but it also ensures the longevity of the organization. In this section, some brand position strategy is depicted that can be used for overcoming the drawbacks for which the organization is facing difficulty. It is stated by Gammoh et al. (2015) that managing authorities of the concerned organization have to assess the current positioning of the organization. As the organization is a well-renowned organization, so they can implement new and modern technology for achieving their business objective in an efficient way. Moreover, they should also take initiatives for incorporating IT technology like POS devices and online facility so that customer can access their services from anywhere. In addition to that, they can also spend a significant portion of their revenue on the RD department for formulating new ways of improving their products like make peanuts products healthier (Ng and La Blanc). In this way, more customers can purchase their products. In addition to that, implementation of ERP system can also be one of the innovative steps that can enhance the brand position of the concerned organization. This technology is used for performing all the things through digital technology for effe ctive and efficient business procedure. The next step is to identify the direct competitors of the organization and their positive outcome of the business strategies. The leader of Planter Nuts Company can host regular meetings and unofficial gathering where they can formulate theories for better business approach than their competitor and suggests ideas for introducing new and innovative products. Another method is to assess the drawbacks of the companys pitfalls and trying to resolve the difficulty. Customers can get more attracted towards This can be accomplished through a regular survey to their customers about the positive and negative perspective of their products and based on which further assessment can be performed. Moreover, loyal bonus programs can also be implemented so that the customers can get more attracted towards the nut products. Reference List Balogun, J., Jacobs, C., Jarzabkowski, P., Mantere, S. and Vaara, E., 2014. Placing strategy discourse in context: Sociomateriality, sensemaking, and power. Journal of Management Studies, 51(2), pp.175-201. Bashan, Y., de-Bashan, L.E., Prabhu, S.R. and Hernandez, J.P., 2014. Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology: formulations and practical perspectives (19982013). Plant and Soil, 378(1-2), pp.1-33. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cullingworth, J.B. and Caves, R., 2013. Planning in the USA: policies, issues, and processes. Routledge. Danziger, S., Hadar, L. and Morwitz, V.G., 2014. Retailer pricing strategy and consumer choice under price uncertainty. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), pp.761-774. Ellickson, P.B., Misra, S. and Nair, H.S., 2012. Repositioning dynamics and pricing strategy. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(6), pp.750-772. Ford, D. and Hkansson, H., 2013. Competition in business networks.Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7), pp.1017-1024. Gammoh, B.S., Koh, A.C. and Okoroafo, S.C., 2015. Global Vs. Local Brand Positioning Strategies: the Moderating Effect Of Belief in Global Citizenship. In Proceedings of the 2010 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 314-314). Springer International Publishing. Guo, X., Ling, L., Dong, Y. and Liang, L., 2013. Cooperation contract in tourism supply chains: The optimal pricing strategy of hotels for cooperative third party strategic websites. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, pp.20-41. Mkinen, S.J., Dedehayir, O., Adner, R., Oxley, J. and Silverman, B.S., 2013. Collaboration and competition in business ecosystems. Marshall, N.A., Dowd, A.M., Fleming, A., Gambley, C., Howden, M., Jakku, E., Larsen, C., Marshall, P.A., Moon, K., Park, S. and Thorburn, P.J., 2014. Transformational capacity in Australian peanut farmers for better climate adaptation. Agronomy for sustainable development, 34(3), pp.583-591. Moradi, M., Aghaie, A. and Hosseini, M., 2013. An agent-based knowledge management framework for marketing-mix decision making. International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences (IJSDS), 4(3), pp.109-128. Ng, A.Y.H. and La Blanc, S.M., Microsoft Corporation, 2014. POS hardware abstraction. U.S. Patent 8,806,508. Ngo, L.V. and O'Cass, A., 2013. Innovation and business success: The mediating role of customer participation. Journal of Business Research,66(8), pp.1134-1142. Planters.com., 2016. Home | Planters. [online] Available at: https://www.planters.com/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Podolyakina, N. and Popova, Y., 2014. Development of Product Promotional Strategy Considering the Risk of Non-demand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, pp.805-811. Prahalad, C.K. and Ramaswamy, V., 2013. The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers. Harvard Business Press. Reeves, A., Stuckler, D., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S.S. and Basu, S., 2012. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. The Lancet, 380(9856), pp.1813-1814. Rothlin, S. and McCann, D., 2016. Free and Fair Competition in Business. In International Business Ethics (pp. 91-107). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ruteri, J.M. and Xu, Q., 2013. Consumers Perceptions of Advanced Booking Discount Program Applied on Processed Food Products. Global Journal of Logistics and Business Management, 1, pp.20-27. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., Salimov, L.N. and Akhmadeev, M.G., 2015. PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the Most Important Tools to Strengthen the Competitive Advantages of Commercial Enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), p.705. Sirianni, N.J., Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W. and Mandel, N., 2013. Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning. Journal of Marketing, 77(6), pp.108-123. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Statista., 2016. Leading snack nuts brands sales U.S., 2016 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/189620/top-snack-nut-brands-in-the-united-states/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Verbeke, A., 2013. International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Yadav, M.S., De Valck, K., Hennig-Thurau, T., Hoffman, D.L. and Spann, M., 2013. Social commerce: a contingency framework for assessing marketing potential. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp.311-323.

Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example

Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis Paper 1st Essay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis John F. Kennedys greatest triumph as President came in 1962, as the worlds two largest superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, edged closer and closer to nuclear war. The Soviet Premier of Russia was caught arming Fidel Castro with nuclear weapons. The confrontation left the world in fear for thirteen long days, with the life of the world on the line. Khrushchev, Premier of the Soviet Union, secretly ordered the placement of Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba. This was thefirst time any such weapons had been placed outside Eurasia. Historians have offered several explanations for his actions. One factor in his decision was strategic. A year earlier, the United States had placed several medium-range nuclear missiles in Turkey. Another factor was a threat by the United States to one of the Soviet Unions satellite countries, Cuba. The United States had, in the past, attempted to kill Castro. In July 1962, the United States found out that nuclear missile shipments were being mad e to Cuba. US U-2 spy planes flew over the island, bringing back reports of construction and ballistic missiles. On September 4, the Soviet ambassador met with Robert Kennedy to discuss a message from Khrushchev. According to the message, the military build-up was defensive in nature and not militarily threatening. Robert Kennedy informed the ambassador that the United States would closely watch all military activity in Cuba and warned of severe consequences should the Soviets place offensive weapons. President Kennedy did not believe the message. He asks Congress for the authority to mobilize over 100,000 reservists into active duty. The Soviets response was that they could fire rockets from Russia just as easily as from Cuba. Offensive missiles in Cuba, they argued, were therefore unnecessary for an offensive base. Furthermore, the United States has twelve times the firepower of the Soviets. 2nd Essay Sample on cuban missile crisis Russian government promised you say that than that of the missiles into Cuba.One day U.S. spy plane finds out the missiles actually in the Cuba, so American government gets very said and the size to full force missiles out of Cuba.The letter one comes from Krishev that says if you promise not to invade Cuba than we would take the missiles back. Than the second letter comes from a show that says you have to promise not to invade Cuba and take your missiles back to the John F. Kennedy decides to do air attack or invade, because Soviet Union was pushing it. John F. Kennedy thought that Russia is trying to start the war because therere putting missiles in Cuba. Before an attack John F. Kennedy tries to answer thefirst letter that Krishev sent.Before that move John F. Kennedy decides to send his brother to speak secretly with Russian government, because hes brother was very friendly and understanding.At the meeting with Russian government Kennedys brother tells the Russian government tha t he should worry because were going to take the missiles away from Cuba, just keep this meeting down low so that the whole world were have to know about this. So Russian government decides to agree with Kennedys brother and take the misses away from Cuba. The arguments about Kennedys decision not to attack Cuba were good and bad.Some people thought that Kennedy should have attacked Cuba and destroyed the missiles.And some people thought that it was right decision to fight this problem peacefully, so that nobody would get hurt.I personally think that it was better to so the problem without letting the chain of events go off.Because if Kennedy would have decided to do an air attack on Cuba, then Krushev would decide to attack Turkey and get American missiles out. 3rdEssay Sample on cuban missile crisis We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People say that the world has never come closer to destroying itself than in October, 1962. There has not been another time in history in which two superpowers with nuclear abilities challengend each other,that could have brought a premature end to the world. With the threat of muclear warfare, never before had the death of so many people become so near. The Kennedy administration had been put through a test. A test that, if failed, could have meant the death of more than 200 million people around the world. This event showed just how serious the issue of living in the nuclear age can be. For thirteen days in October of 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union came to the edge of a nuclear war.Before October, the United States intellignece knew that the Soviets were sending weapons to Cuba, but did not know whether these arms included offensive weapons. Moscow had never sent offensive weapons anywhere out of Russia, not even China, who was one of Russia’s strongest allies at the time. The Soviet government told its ambasssador to reassure the U.S. that only defensive weapons were being placed in Cuba. President Kennedy announced to the ambassador that he would not order an invasion of Cuba unless he knew that Cuba had become an offensive base for the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union assured the United States that this would not happen, however, on October 16, when President Kennedy was informed that the U.S. had discovered nuclear missiles in Cuba. The president was shocked. He could fathom why the Soviet Union would take such a risk, a riskthat could lead to nuclear confrontation. After many meetings with Kennedy and his administration, four possibilities had been drawn up. One reason of why the Soviet Union might have placed ballistic missles in Cuba was for Cuban defense. 4thEssay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet Union was very much behind the United States in the arms race or the Cold War. Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe but U.S. missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev decided upon the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba, he eventually put his idea into action. Positioning the missiles in Cuba would double the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide prevention of potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union.Fidel Castro allowed Khrushchev to position his missiles in Cuba because Fidel Castro was looking for a way to defend his island nation from an attack by the U.S. Ever since the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961, Castro felt a second attack was inevitable. On October 15 the United States learned of the secret missile bases in Cuba through reconnaissance photos and President Kennedy was immediately informed. President Kennedy saw this as a threat to the United States and to world peace and immediately took action. On October 22, 1962 President Kennedy address the nation and the world.He informed the nation that these missiles were capable of striking the eastern two thirds of the United States as well as much of Latin America.President John F. Kennedy called on Premier Khrushchev to halt and eliminate this provocative threat to world peace in order to establish a better relationship between the two nations. Upon learning of this threat facing the nation President Kennedy immediately organized the ExComm, a group of his twelve most important advisors to handle the crisis. After seven days of guarded and intense debate within the upper echelons of government, Kennedy concluded to impose a naval quarantine around Cuba. He wanted to prevent the arrival of more Soviet offensive weapons on the island.By this time tension was growing on both sides. 5thEssay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis Many agree that the Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war; but exactly how close did it come? The Crisis was ultimately a showdown between the United States and the Soviet Union from October 16 to October 28, 1962. During those thirteen stressful days, the worlds two biggest superpowers stood on the brink of a nuclear catastrophe. The Crisis started as a result of both the Soviet Unions fear of losing the arms race, and Cubas fear of US invasion. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, thought that both problems could easily be solved by placing Soviet medium range missiles in Cuba. This deployment would double the Soviet arsenal and protect Cuba from US invasion. Khrushchev proposed this idea to Cuban Premier, Fidel Castro, who, like Khrushchev, saw the strategic advantage. The two premiers worked together in secrecy throughout the late-summer and early-fall of 1962. The Soviets shipped sixty medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) along with their warheads, launch equipment, and necessary operating personnel to Cuba. When United States President, John F. Kennedy discovered the presence of these offensive weapons, he immediately organized EX-COMM, a group of his twelve most important advisors. They spent the next couple of days discussing different possible plans of action and finally decided to remove the US missiles from Turkey and promise not to invade Cuba in exchange for the removal of all offensive weapons in Cuba. On October 28, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a letter stating that he agreed to the terms Kennedy stated, and the crisis ended. The Cuban Missile Crisis can be blamed on the insecurity of Cuba and the Soviet Union. After the United States unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro and end communism in Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, Castro was fearful of another US invasion. 6thEssay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis In 1960, as tensions grew between the Soviet Union and the United States, the premier of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, began planning to secretly supply Cuba with nuclear missiles.Not until 1962 did the United States gain knowledge of these actions and begin to take action.The United States president, John F. Kennedy, warned, The gravest issues would arise should the Soviets continue to place nuclear weapons in Cuba.A standoff took place between the two great nations as the rest of the world looked on and held its breath.This became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. While the Soviets incessantly stated that they were defensive missiles the United States saw them as clearly offensive weapons of sudden mass destruction and demanded their removal.However, with the Soviets declaring that they were solely for defensive purposes, how could the U.S. justify taking action?It was determined that each missile was capable of traveling a distance of more than 1000 nautical miles.There w ere also additional sites designed for ballistic missiles traveling twice as far, jet bombers being assembled, and the necessary air bases being prepared.This put Washington D.C. or any other city in the southeastern part of the United States in jeopardy of being struck by one of these missiles. For a long time, the Soviets thought that they were years a head of the US in terms of intercontinental missiles. After all, they had put ‘Sputnik’ into orbit, well before the US had dreamt of such an act. Most of the Soviet organizations did not believe that there was a necessity to build more intercontinental missiles. This laxity made it harder for the Soviets to understand and deal with the fact that they had been surpassed.

Behistun Inscription - Message to the Persian Empire

Behistun Inscription - Message to the Persian Empire The Behistun inscription (also spelled Bisitun or Bisotun and typically abbreviated as DB for Darius Bisitun) is a 6th century BCE Persian Empire carving. The ancient billboard includes four panels of cuneiform writing around a set of three-dimensional figures, cut deep into a limestone cliff. The figures are carved 300 feet (90 meters) above the Royal Road of the Achaemenids, known today as the Kermanshah-Tehran highway in Iran. Fast Facts: Behistun Steel Name of Work:  Behistun InscriptionArtist or Architect: Darius the Great, ruled 522–486 BCEStyle/Movement: Parallel CuneiformTextPeriod: Persian EmpireHeight: 120 feetWidth: 125 feetType of Work: Carved inscriptionCreated/Built: 520–518 BCEMedium: Carved Limestone BedrockLocation: Near Bisotun, IranOffbeat Fact: The earliest known example of political propagandaLanguages: Old Persian, Elamite, Akkadian The carving is located near the town of Bisotun, Iran, about 310 miles (500 kilometers) from Tehran and about 18 mi (30 km) from Kermanshah. The figures show the crowned Persian king Darius I stepping on Guatama (his predecessor and rival) and nine rebel leaders standing before him connected by ropes around their necks. The figures measures some 60x10.5 ft (18x3.2 m) and the four panels of text more than double the overall size, creating an irregular rectangle of approximately 200x120 ft (60x35 m), with the lowest part of the carving some 125 ft (38 m) above the road. Behistun Text The writing on the Behistun inscription, like the Rosetta Stone, is a parallel text, a type of linguistic text that consists of two or more strings of written language placed alongside each other so they can be easily compared. The Behistun inscription is recorded in three different languages: in this case, cuneiform versions of Old Persian, Elamite, and a form of Neo-Babylonian called Akkadian. Like the Rosetta Stone, the Behistun text greatly assisted in the decipherment of those ancient languages: the inscription includes the earliest known use of Old Persian, a sub-branch of Indo-Iranian. A version of the Behistun inscription written in Aramaic (the same language of the Dead Sea Scrolls) was discovered on a papyrus scroll in Egypt, probably written during the early years of the reign of Darius II, about a century after the DB was carved into the rocks. See Tavernier (2001) for more specifics about the Aramaic script. Royal Propaganda The text of the Behistun inscription describes the early military campaigns of the Achaemenid rule King Darius I (522–486 BCE). The inscription, carved shortly after Dariuss accession to the throne between 520 and 518 BCE, give autobiographical, historical, royal and religious information about Darius: the Behistun text is one of several pieces of propaganda establishing Dariuss right to rule. The text also includes Dariuss genealogy, a list of the ethnic groups subject to him, how his accession occurred, several failed revolts against him, a list of his royal virtues, instructions to future generations and how the text was created.   So, What Does it Mean? Most scholars agree that the Behistun inscription is a bit of political bragging. Dariuss main purpose was to establish the legitimacy of his claim to Cyrus the Greats throne, to which he had no blood connection. Other bits of Dariuss braggadocio are found in others of these trilingual passages, as well as big architectural projects at Persepolis and Susa, and the burial places of Cyrus at Pasargadae and his own at Naqsh-i-Rustam. Historian Jennifer Finn (2011) noted that the location of the cuneiform is too far above the road to be read, and few people were likely literate in any language anyway when the inscription was made. She suggests that the written portion was meant not only for public consumption but that there was likely a ritual component, that the text was a message to the cosmos about the king. Translations and Interpretations Henry Rawlinson is credited with the first successful translation in English, scrambling up the cliff in 1835, and publishing his text in 1851. The 19th-century Persian scholar Mohammad Hasan Khan Etemad al-Saltaneh (1843–96) published the first Persian translation of the Behistun translation. He noted but disputed the then-current idea that Darius or Dara might have been matched to King Lohrasp of the Zoroastrian religious and Persian epic traditions.   Israeli historian Nadav Naaman has suggested (2015) that the Behistun inscription may have been a source for the Old Testament story of Abrahams victory over the four powerful Near Eastern kings. Sources Alibaigi, Sajjad, Kamal Aldin Niknami, and Shokouh Khosravi. The Location of the Parthian City of Bagistana in Bistoun, Kermanshah: A Proposal. Iranica Antiqua 47 (2011): 117–31. Print.Briant, Pierre. History of the Persian Empire (550–330 BC). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Eds. Curtis, John E., and Nigel Tallis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. 12–17. Print.Daryaee, Touraj. Persianate Contribution to the Study of Antiquity: Etemad Al-Saltanehs Nativisation of the Qajars. Iran 54.1 (2016): 39–45. Print.Ebeling, Signe Oksefjell, and Jarie Ebeling. From Babylon to Bergen: On the Usefulness of Aligned Texts. Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 3.1 (2013): 23–42. Print.Finn, Jennifer. Gods, Kings, Men: Trilingual Inscriptions and Symbolic Visualizations in the Achaemenid Empire. Ars Orientalis 41 (2011): 219–75. Print.Naaman, Nadav. Abrahams Victory over the Kings of the Four Quadrants in Light of Darius Is Bis itun Inscription. Tel Aviv 42.1 (2015): 72–88. Print. Olmstead, A. T. Darius and His Behistun Inscription. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 55.4 (1938): 392–416. Print.Rawlinson, H. C. Memoir on the Babylonian and Assyrian Inscriptions. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 14 (1851): i–16. Print.Tavernier, Jan. An Achaemenid Royal Inscription: The Text of Paragraph 13 of the Aramaic Version of the Bisitun Inscription. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60.3 (2001): 61–176. Print.Wilson-Wright, Aren. From Persepolis to Jerusalem: A Reevaluation of Old Persian-Hebrew Contact in the Achaemenid Period. Vetus Testamentum 65.1 (2015): 152–67. Print.

Global business enironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global business enironment - Essay Example Although global organisation operations are intense in the developed nations, the developing nations have also been impacted in one way. Amid the globalisation and diversification of production, the benefit of business activities that are carried out abroad has increased rapidly than even domestic markets (David, Joakim & Richard, 2008).Therefore, the essay evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of globalization for business. Today wave of globalisation that began immediately after World War II has moved businesses and entire world economy to a state of interdependence, and it enabled it through making possible expansion of investment and trade across the national borders. Multinational companies that are always referred as borderless organisations have played a key role in accelerating the pace of world economic interdependence and integration by expanding their businesses (Wallerstein, 2009). Globalisation has led to the dismantling of national barriers and the breakdown of barriers to the flow of goods, capital, services, ideas and people, and the explosion in the volume, complexity and variety of those flows. In addition, it has led to increasing uniformity and standardisation among businesses, the growing homogenisation of infrastructure, policy, and ideas to conform to the global platforms(Wallerstein, 2009). For most of the business organisation, globalisation means an opportunity of taking advantage of scale, and exploiting synergistic benefits, as well as benefiting from the geographical merits and the market power advantages. However, according to the scale economy theory, the average cost per unit goes down as the amount of goods and services that are provided increases. Growth and expansion abroad of the business are the key strengths to getting the benefits of scale, hence achieving important cost reduction for the cost of a production unit, sales system

Toyota Company Environmental Audit Literature review

Toyota Company Environmental Audit - Literature review Example Firstly, the paper will identify the different drivers creating awareness of environmental damage. Secondly, the paper will describe Toyota’s current ‘green’ policies along with supportive evidences. Thirdly, the paper will discuss how effectively the organisation has developed and executed green policies. Finally, the paper will recommend the Toyota management on how the organisation can improve its marketing mix by developing further ‘green’ strategies involving its products and markets. A standard research method has been used for this study, including secondary information and principal sources. The hypothesis is that modern customers give great emphasis on environmental safety while considering the purchase of automobiles. 2. Literature Review Evidently, external and internal drivers force Toyota to become more environmentally focussed. The external drivers mainly include government policy and legislation while cost savings, business ethics, sust ainability, and public relations constitute internal drivers. However, internal drivers are stronger than external factors in forcing the organisation to develop and implement improved green strategies. The organisation is still in its growth phase and therefore Toyota management strives to improve its corporate social responsibility policies. External drivers While analysing different legislative systems, majority of the national governments impose strict restrictions on automobile manufacturing industry as this sector is accounted for a notable percent of the total global pollution. Combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles causes emission of large volumes of CO2, which is an important green house gas contributing to ozone layer depletion and thereby global warming (OECD, 2001, p.173). As Cleff et al (2004, p. 157) point out, the European Union has imposed a set of tough restrictions on its automotive industry in order to promote environmental sustainability. The authors opine that s uch restrictions would foster competitiveness and technological innovations in the automotive sector in addition to promoting environmentally friendly operations (ibid). Internal drivers Business sustainability is one of the major internal drivers which forces Toyota to pay specific attention to environmental safety. As discussed earlier, people today reject environmentally threatening products regardless of their superior features. Hence, automobile manufactures would be thrown out of the market if they cannot successfully develop eco-friendly vehicles. Obviously, Toyota also is compelled to adapt to new market trends that promote environmental sustainability. Costs saving strategies encourage Toyota to become more environmentally focussed. For instance, people’s growing awareness on electric and solar vehicles may assist the company to trim down its product promotion expenses. Similarly, environmentally friendly operations would aid the company to eliminate unnecessary fine s arising out of environmental policy violations. Ultimately, such an operation may assist the company to provide its customers with some price benefits as well. According to marketing mix concept, price is one of the major determinants of a product success, which also drives the company to give more focus on environmental management (Lecture note). Business ethics and public relations are other internal drivers influencing the organisation on the