Business Communications †Individual Report

Official outline The report investigations the correspondence embraced by the Greenpeace worldwide in arriving at its partners. Its significant goal is to figure out which have been the most pertinent methods for correspondence applied by the association. It focuses on the partners as it gives an away from of the correspondence and its change throughout the years. The report utilizes insightful and explorative examination approach to think of the analysis.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Business Communications †Individual explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the report study primary discoveries, web based life like facebook and twitter have been broadly utilized. Different types of correspondence are video conferencing, web journals, sites, messages, interactive media, and recordings. The best types of correspondence pertinent when contacting the crowd of Greenpeace are the online life followed by multi media. They are pract ical solid, easy to understand, and arrive at a wide number of partners. Broad communications has been suggested as the most suitable and viable type of correspondence that can be applied to contact the crowd and the various partners. The association ought to persistently keep utilizing this type of correspondence in view of the idea of work it is engaged with. Presentation Communication assumes a fundamental job in an association. It is critical to have channels of correspondence through which various people depict their thoughts, feelings, perspectives, and philosophies. Correspondence has been characterized as the exchange of data starting with one individual or gatherings then onto the next through a mode of trade (Barker 2008, p.3). The data transferred might be as news, message, information, or feelings. The vehicle of trade guarantees that data is transferred to the focused on beneficiary in the opportune time. The substance ought to be reasonable, time bound, exact, and prep ared to decipher (Barker 2008, p.3). Correspondence can be either casual or formal as both are relevant in the hierarchical setting (Barker 2008, p.5). Various associations utilize various types of correspondences relying upon whom the message or data is being imparted to. For correspondence to be viable hindrances to correspondence should be limited (Wertheim 2008, p.2) The report investigates the various kinds of correspondence utilized by Greenpeace worldwide to introduce data to its different partners. In view of the examination, the report will give the best type of correspondence that can be utilized to arrive at the intended interest group upheld by proof. In conclusion, it gives suggestions on where the association can improve and what in get rid of any.Advertising Looking for paper on business correspondence? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background data Greenpeace worldwide is an internationally perceived non-le gislative association. It is a battling association with the significant job of protecting the earth through mindfulness creation and other preservationist measures and strategies. It targets changing the conduct and perspectives of everybody. Its significant crusades are in vitality insurgency, seas shielding, empowering harmony through demilitarization and call for cancelation of atomic weapons, maintainable agribusiness, and production of a future free from toxics (Greenpeace 2011). The association that was established 40 years back is introduced in forty states over the pacific, Africa, Asia, America, and Europe. It relies for the most part upon singular commitments and awards from establishments. Opposite, it â€Å"does not acknowledge gifts from governments or corporations† (Greenpeace 2011) for freedom purposes. The report targets various partners who need to comprehend the usually relevant types of correspondences and the most suitable one. Its significant object is t o assess the correspondence procedure, instrument, and structure between the Greenpeace global and its various partners. Primary discoveries Stakeholders A partner might be characterized as any individual, association, or a gathering that has either roundabout or direct stake or enthusiasm for a specific association (Fassin 2008, p.7). Partners are partitioned into inside and outside partners (Fassin 2008, p.8). In light of this definition then the various partners of Greenpeace global are, establishments award, singular supporters, benefactors, volunteers, workers, ecological networks, national and territorial workplaces just as the overall population. The various partners are given data in various sorts relying upon the direness, secrecy level, and the time required passing on the data. Correspondence among partners and association Social media This is the most recent type of correspondence which is changing how data is imparted starting with one individual then onto the next. Web based life is a type of online correspondence where the web frames the premise from where data can be traded progressively (PWC 2011, p.2).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Business Communications †Individual explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The normally utilized internet based life channels are Facebook, twitter, and MySpace among a lot additionally uprising channels. As indicated by Bengtson (2010) web based life has changed the relationship that exists among associations and partners. Since the cutting edge partners like an exchange that it two way and valid, online networking has been the most loved type of correspondence. Greenpeace has not been abandoned. Being a battling association that depends for the most part on activism to transfer its data to partners, the association has been utilizing facebook and twitter among different types of internet based life to arrive at its partners. Through the web based life, the association can connect with its devotees, givers, supporters, and establishment gives and convey continuously. For instance, these partners are occupied with discusses that reprimand association or enterprises that don't consent to the qualities and the targets of the Greenpeace worldwide. The utilization of facebook and twitter has been successful as Greenpeace has utilized it to speak with partners on how Apple was creating items with high poisonous levels (Bengtson 2010). Therefore, Apple had the option to decrease its squanders creation. Different organizations that have been scrutinized by the partners and Greenpeace universal through the web based life are Unilever and Nestle (Bengtson 2010). The utilization of internet based life to speak with the various partners has been compelling so far as its qualities and goals have been reestablished. A report by the PWC (2011, p.5) show that the majority of the representatives as of now are utilizing the internet based life to share data, examinatio n, and system. An association like the Greenpeace global speaks with its workers through the web based life. This is proper type of correspondence given that the association utilizes the online life to make its crusades. It is a practical method of correspondence as data can be handed-off from the association the executives and posted on the association divider for the workers to see. Despite the fact that it is a hazard adventure in measurements of security and classification, rules can be applied to limit these dangers (PWC 2011, p.5). Different structures dependent on web stage Other than utilizing the online networking to arrive at its partners and pass on the necessary data which is natural preservation, the Greenpeace global has been engaged with the utilization of web journals, sites, and You Tube (Bengtson 2010). By setting on the associations online journals and its sites it is simple advantageous to have the data promptly accessible to the various partners (Combs Holladay 2011).Advertising Searching for paper on business correspondence? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For example, in the Greenpeace global site, contributors, supporters, awards establishments, and other regarded partners can get to the money related reports and explanations of the association. This type of straightforwardness and responsibility through correspondence depicts the degree of corporate administration in the association. Rather than dispatching booklets to every single diverse partner from the 40 nations where Greenpeace activities are concentrated, the association posts on the sites. This type of correspondence spares time, cash, changing the conveyed data, and permitting correspondence of indistinguishable data. The data can be gotten to at the accommodation of the various partners at advantageous spot and time. Then again, the utilization of YouTube permits the association to present recordings on feature to the partners what position or its endeavors and accomplishments. Any individual associated with web or can get to You Tube through the telephone can without much of a stretch access this type of data. Greenpeace global has utilized both the You Tube and online journals to pass on data to partners (Bengtson 2010). Through the association of the partners and the association, it has been conceivable to impart pressure on Unilever and Apple Inc. The association and the partners have had the option to talk about a portion of the issues over the sites, online journals and You Tube. Mixed media correspondence The headway in innovation has made it potential individuals to impart from various locales with various time regions however progressively (Combs Holladay 2011; (Barker 2008, p.12; Carayamis, Hovy, Maybury Stock n.d). Association can utilize the sight and sound correspondence which is empowered through the web (Koegel 1992, p.1). The particular appropriate sight and sound correspondence structures applied by

Illegal immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unlawful outsider - Essay Example This can be cultivated by conceding pardon, making authorization simpler and faster, ousting the unlawful residents who are in America without being of significant worth to the workforce, and by fixing it so organizations can't exploit these dedicated individuals. There are a great many undocumented settlers right now in the United States (Welch 1), a significant number of which are here to work. It has been resolved that it would be costly and difficult to extradite them all back to their nations of origin. Along these lines, a savvy arrangement is award acquittal to the unlawful workers effectively here. Reprieve would permit them to be exculpated for their criminal offense of being unlawful in this nation. Since they have just invested energy working in the nation, doing what they would do on the off chance that they have legitimate living arrangement in America, acquittal would make it with the goal that they would not be in a difficult situation for being wrongfully in the Unite d States. The explanation that these unlawful foreigners are here is to assume the employments and ways of life of lawful migrants and local residents (Welch 1). It would just bode well to permit absolution for those that are as of now here, as long as they have demonstrated to be diligent employees that are not kidding about their citizenship. This can be demonstrated dependent on how they have functioned while living here and by acquiring declaration from their bosses. Lamentably, not every illicit migrant are here for a superior life, thus this procedure of acquittal must be done cautiously to abstain from giving exculpation to somebody who experiences caused difficulty for this nation. Absolution should just be given to those that have demonstrated to be diligent employees and experience not gotten into criminal difficulty while in America. Some illicit settlers are just in America to exploit rights and benefits that are just allowed to residents, and these are the individuals t hat ought not be conceded reprieve. The unlawful settlers that have indicated that they can work and act like Americans ought not be rebuffed for their endeavors. Like giving reprieve to the illicit foreigners who are buckling down, unlawful outsiders that are not working in this nation or experience gotten in difficulty with the law ought to be extradited. This will definitely diminish the measure of illicit foreigners that do should be extradited, making it simpler and less expensive on American residents, while introducing more chances to the undocumented residents that genuinely need to be a piece of this nation. Expelling ought to be utilized for unlawful migrants who need the advantages of being in America without needing to be American or without keeping the principles. In any case, this ought not hinder unlawful workers who truly need to have a place with this nation. Likewise, after the qualified unlawful workers have been allowed acquittal, they should be furnished with ap proaches to make it simpler to get their American citizenship since that is the reason they are in the nation in any case - to have a place. Numerous settlers become debilitated at the idea of to what extent the legitimization procedure can take, which can take somewhere in the range of five years to ten years, and perhaps more (Anderson 18). This demoralization is regularly what makes foreigners enter the United States unlawfully. They need the advantages of being a resident and they need to show that they can work much harder than American resident

Anticonvulsants for Mania in Bipolar Disorder

Anticonvulsants for Mania in Bipolar Disorder Convulsions are not part of bipolar disorderâ€"so why would anticonvulsants be prescribed to manage mood? Anticonvulsants in the treatment of mania were introduced when their therapeutic value was noted through improved mood stability of those with epilepsy. Initially, they were used for those who were resistant to Lithium treatment. They are now an important alternative both on their own and with other medications. Pros and Cons of Anticonvulsants Different anticonvulsants seem to treat different aspects of bipolar disorder; some, like Depakote and Tegretol, are particularly effective at treating mania. Others, like Lamictal, are more effective at treating depression. Still, others may be less effective at treating immediate symptoms, but do a good job of helping to stabilize mood and thus help to avoid manic or depressive episodes. As with most drugs used to treat bipolar disorder, anticonvulsants do have significant side effects which vary from person to person. For example, most can cause dizziness and drowsiness, headaches, dry mouth, etc. In many cases, though, side effects can lessen over time as your body becomes more accustomed to the medication. There are also more serious side effects that can occur with long-term use of anticonvulsants. For example, pregnant women should avoid anticonvulsants, as they can cause birth defects. Some can cause kidney or liver damage if not carefully monitored. Its also important to know that anticonvulsants can interfere with other medications, so you should let your doctor know about any new medications youve been prescribed or are taking over-the-counter. Despite all the problems associated with anticonvulsants, in some cases, they are more effectiveâ€"and less problematicâ€"than classic treatments. Both anticonvulsants and lithium, for example, take several weeks to reach peak effectivenessâ€"but anticonvulsants usually act more rapidly than lithium. For some people, for whom lithium is less effective or less well tolerated, anticonvulsants can be a good option. Because there are so many different anticonvulsants, each of which works a little differently, it is possible to try more than one to find the best choice for your particular needs. Some Commonly Prescribed Anticonvulsants The following is a list of some of the anticonvulsants most commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder: Valproate (Depakote) In 1995, this drug became the first anticonvulsant approved by the FDA for the treatment of mania. It is often used as a first-line treatment for those who rapid cycle. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) While this medication has not yet received FDA approval as a treatment for mania, its use is quite common. Often individuals find the side effects of this drug too difficult to tolerate. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Lamotrigine is a second-generation anticonvulsant. Its use is still experimental, but it is a fairly well-tolerated alternative.   Gabapentin (Neurontin) This drug, also a second-generation anticonvulsant, is primarily used in conjunction with other medications to improve their efficacy. Topiramate (Topamax) ?Topiramate in the newest anticonvulsant on the scene. It is also an  adjunctive therapy. It seems to create some difficulties with cognitive functioning but has the benefit of often encouraging weight loss.

The History Of Cross Culture Training Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2130 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? With globalization in full swing, cross-cultural training is a necessity in the modern day world. The aspect of diverse culture in the business environment ought to be taken as a serious issue. Inability to understand and contain diverse culture in a business environment is critical as it can result into a diminishing business environment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The History Of Cross Culture Training Business Essay" essay for you Create order Qualified decisions must be made as to the best cross-cultural training programs that an organization should adopt. There is no adequate research on this. This research study aims at establishing the adequacy of cross-cultural training by outside institutions such as universities in Chinese business environment rather than in-house cross-cultural training programs. To get the results, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. It was foun that cross-cultural training offered by outside institutions in Chinese business environment is common. This is due to the fact that China has unique cultures and in-house training on culture does not present sufficient opportunities for success. This study is essential as it serves to provide information to businesses not only in China but in other parts of the world regarding the best way to offer cross-cultural training to reap the benefits of the presence of diverse cultures in a business environment. Cross-Culture Training Cross-cul tural training is a phrase commonly used to define a form of training that is offered with an aim of highlighting the difficulties and problems faced in working in a cross-cultural context. In addition, cross-cultural training teaches both skills and methodologies necessary to overcome such difficulties. With globalization in full effect, cross-cultural training in businesses is indispensable. Since globalization took effect, the traditional way of business operation and communication in businesses has been dispensed. Indeed, in the modern day world, it has become exceedingly common for staff in a particular country to regularly deal with clients, colleagues or even suppliers in another country over such communication mediums as emails, telephones or even video conferencing. While people from different regions in the world may work for one organization, possess same knowledge and skills or even work in the same industry, the manner in which each individual works, interacts and does business may be characterized by vast differences. Therefore, when working in a multicultural context, having the appropriate professional skills and understanding personal and colleagues cultural make-up is indispensable as it helps avoid business failure and misunderstandings given rise by inadequate cultural sensitivity and competence. In the Middle East, especially China, businesses have increasingly realized the need for cross-cultural training. This follows after research identified that doing business in the Middle East presents formidable cultural challenges. Therefore, businesses in the region engage themselves rigorously in this aspect to ensure that their businesses operate effectively. A significant number of businesses in China tend to use outside institutions such as universities to conduct such training. Therefore, this paper aims at establishing the extent to which Chinese businesses use outside institutions cross-cultural training. Literature Review In a review of 228 multinational companies in China, Solomon (1994) found out that all the companies had well-designed cross-cultural programs for expatriates, which were administered not only before but also after the individuals left their home countries, if they wanted their expatriates perform successively oversees. In addition to this, Solomon (1994) established that out of the 228 multinational companies studied in China, 167 offered cross-cultural training to their expatriates through expatriates. Most of the companies studied used outside institutions such as higher educational facilities where professors, especially those specializing in business fields, offered cross-cultural training to the expatriates of the respective companies. In his study, Adler (2001) identified that cultural differences in the Middle East are too essential to be ignored or even denied. Adler and Bartholomew (1992) assert that the use of outside institutions by businesses with an aim of helping employees learn about different cultures is very essential. They further contend that higher education facility educators, who in most cases, have a high level of knowledge and skills in handling cultures owing to their education levels and experiences, facilitate and diffuse cultural synergies. Indeed, facilitation and diffusion of cultural synergies is considered to be an essential and a critical economic success factor. Forster (2000) supports this by indicating that employing the use of higher education faculties in a business organizations cross-cultural program is very essential as it serves to assist business expatriates adapt to living, as well as, working conditions in their host countries. Brewster (1995) sampled a total of 24 multinational companies in China. In the sample, 12 of those companies exercised cross-cultural training on their own while 12 of them employed the use outside institutions such as University professors to facilitate cross-cultural training. The r esearcher found out that the multinational companies that conducted cultural training on their own was insufficient, incomplete or simply non-existent. On the other hand, those that utilized the services of outside institutions were better placed in terms of business success since such aspects as misunderstandings within the business had been eliminated and thus an improved performance. Shumsky (1992) identifies that those companies that fail to provide cross-cultural training in their businesses through outside institutions often do so since they have no international experience. In addition, such businesses assume that offering such training through such institutions is a waste of business financial resources and not a necessity. Such businesses opt to offer cross-cultural training on their own without employing the use of other people with adequate knowledge and experience on the field. This is indeed, suicidal for a business since in-house training cannot render adequate cros s-cultural training, considering that it is a very broad issue and thus requires professionals to offer training on it. The culture and behavior in China is unique and many researchers identify it as an integral aspect of the Chinese language. For a business to be a success in the Chinese business environment, it is a mandate that a business first understands the customs and the context of the Chinese business. The requirement for this is adequate knowledge of the business culture in China. The Chinese higher education board has introduced a system where the curriculum addresses the diverse needs of cultures in China. This means that the educators who offer education on cultures are well versed with cultural knowledge, skills and experience. In Chinese educational facilities, students come from different backgrounds and thus diversified cultures. To ensure that there is no conflicting nature of education, the students are offered education on the best way to live and study as a u nit irrespective of the cultural differences. This is done by cultural training versed professors. The business environment in China is no different from educational facilities. Therefore, since higher education facility professors are well versed with knowledge, skills and experiences on cultural differences and coupling with their levels of education, they are seen as the best people to offer cultural education in the business environment. In his study, Tung (2002) suggested that the best and the most effective cross-cultural training in the Chinese business environment need to be specific and one that puts a stern focus on a particular population and situation. This can only be offered by outside institutions. The researcher further indicates that it is for this reason that it is logical that multinational companies, as well as, organizations in China provides their employees with specific cross-cultural training, which deals in important details about the Chinese population, as well as, project management issues by employing the services of outside cross-cultural training facilitators. Cross-cultural programs offered by outside institutions tends to put an exclusive focus on the specific culture, religion, as well as, on the manner in which laws, leadership and ethics can be covered. Main Thesis The reviewed literature in the literature review section highlights the practice of cross-cultural training in Chinese businesses. The common characteristic of the reviewed literature is that they endorse the essentialness and the need for outside facilitated cross-cultural training in Chinese businesses. However, the literature has served to reveal the inconsistency attributable to approaches adopted by prior researchers to access the extent to which businesses in China use outside organizations in offering cross-cultural training to employees. This section aims at presenting the essential logic of utilizing outside institutions in offering cross-cultural training in Chinese business environment with an aim of permitting empirical research with accord to stable criteria. The presence of diverse cultures can exist to affect the manner in which employees perform in a company owing to the difficulties evident in attempting to adjust to the new business environment. Indeed, this affects them both psychologically and emotionally. The presence of diversified cultures in a business environment especially in China, whose cultures are unique, can surface conflicts between employees. As a result, employee performance worsens and ultimately, the business underperforms. The strategic observation that cross-cultural training should be offered by outside institutions is well informed. As it is affirmed in the reviewed literature, incorporating the use of training services from outside sources promotes the formulation of customized strategies necessary to help in responding to the challenge emanating from the presence of diverse cultures in business environments. The Chinese business environment is perceived to be a complex one and this implies that calculative strategies, mostly offered by outside institutions, are necessary if at all there is a need for employees to become empowered. The development placed on employees to enable them thrive in contrasting cultural setting in a business environment is necessary considering the dynamics of the modern-day world. Simply put, while the current wave of globalization is on an increase, diverse cultures persist. This affirms the need for employees to have multicultural knowledge. This is not a matter of simply cross-cultural training but one offered by outside institutions, which are better versed with the cultural developments. Organizations in cultural diverse environments such as China cannot manage to distance themselves from this aspect. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate such form of training into its management strategy. Recommendations The following recommendations are advanced by the paper as a way of increasing the managements role of providing cross-cultural training within organizations in China. Make cross-cultural training a priority. The management should ensure that it cultivates the culture of multi-cultural training, whether offered by outside institutions or not. This will empower the employees and give them knowledge regarding how to be successful in inter-cultural business environments. Liaise with higher education facilities offering business related courses and arrange for a session where the employees of the company can go and learn on cross-cultural training. This is particularly advantageous as the employees will have the chance to interact with the institutions professors who will offer exclusive education and training on understanding, interacting and working in diverse cultures in a business environment. Ensure that outside institutions cross-cultural training facilitators are fully supported by the company. A company ought to give support to the facilitator by way of allocating adequate staff, financial and time resources in order to ensure that the program is run successfully. In addition, all the required materials for training should be availed. Periodic training sessions at the convenience of the outside cultural-training facilitator ought to be organized. The aspect of culture is characterized by a significant range of dynamics, which serve to give a business a new shape on almost a daily basis. In other worlds, attributes of culture keeps on changing regularly and this affects a business on a daily basis. Therefore, periodic cross-cultural training offered by outside institutions is necessary to make good of these changes. In summary, cross-cultural training by outside institutions should be an integral aspect of the top management of businesses in areas characterized by diverse cultures. This is particularly necessary to ensure survival and succes s of a business. In reality, an in-house cultural-training program is not adequate and does not help. Indeed, it may make an organization become a chaotic system thus resulting into severe repercussions to the business. Discussion This paper reported a pattern of cross-cultural training in Chinese business environment and attempted to address the pattern from the managerial perspective. In the process of doing so, the bodies of science of cross-cultural trainings concept were reviewed. The objective was to provide a coherent view of the extent to which the outside institutions are better placed to offer cross-cultural training to employees in the Chinese business environment. Going into the future, adequate research on cross-cultural training by outside institutions should be conducted to enable businesses in diverse cultural business settings establish the best practice when it comes to cross-cultural training. This might be perceived as an unnecessary task. However, given the current wave of globalization, such research is necessary for the survival of businesses. However, these research studies ought to further examine the models used in cross-cultural training in relation to the habits of an indivi dual when introduced to foreign business environments. If this is done, knowledge of effective strategies for cross-cultural training would lead to an increased business performance.

The Horror Of Red Dragon - 986 Words

Horror for years has put people on the edge of their seats, begging the audience for more, even while scared out of their minds. Horror is an intense emotion that shows disgust and fear. This feeling is something some people might seek out for entertainment purposes–movies for example. The most interesting horror movie genres are serial killer, demon/ghost, and alien films. The first example of a horror movie genre are serial killer films. Serial killer flicks are meant to seek one’s inner fear so one might begin to question â€Å"what if?† Serial killers exist all throughout history and can be found in almost any place one might look. These movies strike fear into the viewer using real life scenarios but from the safety of a person’s own couch. Red Dragon is one of my personal favorite horror films. Will Graham has to use Hannibal Lector, an incarcerated formal cannibal murderer, to catch a serial killer called the Tooth Fairy. Hannibal has always been a series of books and movies that interest me. Halloween, the remake by Rob Zombie, also strikes panic into the viewer. It describes Michael Myers’s mental problems that developed at a young age, and now that pent up rage and anxiety took off and he became a blood lusting murder. I first saw Halloween at my mom’s house at about 1A.M. I was not supposed to be up at such a late hour, so sneaking into the living room and watching a serial killer cinematic would not be please to my tired and grumpy mother. I made it to the very endShow MoreRelatedThe Creatures Of The Mountains Of Ankar1220 Words   |  5 Pagesmountains of Ankar, resided an ancient breed of dragon. They were fire dragons, and were used to the frosty, high peaks they inhabited. Living for thousands upon thousands of years, these creatures ruled atop their mountain. Ruling as they please, and doing as they liked to the beings below them. They soared high in the sky without a fear in the world. For a long whi le, however, a dragon egg has not appeared. Until one day, as if a gift from heaven, a dragon egg appeared at the foot of the mountain. TheRead MoreThe Reversal of Traditions in Shrek Essay example506 Words   |  3 Pagesan evil side when he sends shrek to rescue the princess from the dragons keep instead of going himself. When we first meet Lord Farquaad he is in the torture chamber and its very dull and the guards are dressed in black so it sets a scary and dull scene. Before Lord Farquaad asked shrek to rescue the princess he asks the best soldiers in the land to fight each other and the winner gets to kill the dragon but if they fail then the runner up would try, instead of goingRead MoreQuestions On Good Luck And Bad Luck1599 Words   |  7 Pagesshe took a deep breath and inflated the two with a single touch of a button. Alright, let s go. Apollo! Chara! Come on out! Beams of red side shattered into view and morphed into the forms of her Deino and Axew. Chara stretched out their limbs with a silent hum at their appearance while their partner took the liberty to loudly bark out his greeting. The dragon Pokemon bounded around her legs. â€Å"He definitely suits his name.† Chantel thought with a small chuckle. Apollo certainly had a personalityRead MoreBeowulf: The Canonization of Anglo-Saxon Literature into Modern Popular Culture769 Words   |  4 Pages The cover of the November, 1975 comic book Beowulf: Dragon Slayer features a red-haired, horn-helmeted Beowulf swinging a large broadsword at a purple-caped villain also bearing two razor-sharp swords. As Beowulf rears up on his steed, a bikini clad woman, cloth slightly aside to reveal the shadow of a buttock is drawn falling, face filled with terror. In the background, a rising full moon and silhouetted gothic castle keenly set an atmosphere of dread and foreboding. Above the emboldenedRead MoreAre You A Fan Of The Supernatural? Do You Believe In Things1744 Words   |  7 Pagescreate an alter ego for himself, Vlad gave himself the last name â€Å"Dracula† as a reference to his father. â€Å"His father was called ‘Dracul,’ meaning ‘dragon’ or ‘devil’ in Romanian because he belonged to the Order of the Dragon, which fought the Muslim Ottoman Empire... ‘Dracula’ means ‘son of Dracul’ in Romanian. Therefore y oung Vlad was ‘son of the dragon’ or ‘son of the devil’† (Johnson). Vlad III would become an inspiration for the original Dracula. Bram Stoker wrote the novel Dracula in 1897, andRead MoreThe Castle Of Otranto. Gothic Fiction1127 Words   |  5 Pages Gothic horror started in 1764, by a man named Horace Walpole, he wrote the novel The castle of Otranto. Gothic fiction is a combination of death, horror and some romance. Abraham Bram Stoker, was born in Ireland, on November 8, 1847. In 1879, Stoker was famous for creating one of the most famous horror stories, Dracula. It is said, Stoker wrote his books inspired by traveling and art. For this particular book, many people believe he had come up with the name and character because of Vlad the ImpalerRead MoreBeowulf : Virtue And Community1658 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf and the horror they inspire are more than just a simple threat to the community, but also represent the anxieties of a warrior culture. Grendel is a â€Å"lonewalker† who stands outside of the community. He does not use any form of weapons, pay any reparations, speak any form of language, boast, or even enjoy hall noise. Grendel, in his own way, is the dark side manifestation of what a heroic warrior and a model community member such as the likes of Beowulf, ought to be. As for the dragon, it is theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Red Badge Of Courage2049 Words   |  9 PagesStephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage (1895)    Explore the ways in which Stephen Crane presents armies, as bodies of men stationary, moving and fighting. Judging by his description of armies, do you think this is an anti-war novel?    Throughout The Red Badge of Courage, the Unionist and Confederate armies are repeatedly referred to as single bodies of men during the three phases of rest and engagement (stationary, moving and fighting) signified in the title. For example, in the opening paragraphRead MoreThe Human Girl4263 Words   |  18 PagesUpon his first glimpse of the human girl, Banni the dragon fell immediately in love. It didn t matter that the object of his infatuation was small and had no scales or claws. It didn t matter that she walked on two legs and possessed no wings at all. It didn t even matter that she could not breathe fire, which was a dragon s pride and glory. To Banni, the human girl was the most beautiful creature he had ever laid eyes on. Ever since he was a hatchling, Banni had been fascinated by humans. HeRead MoreThroughout History Numerous People Have Had The Label Of1985 Words   |  8 Pagesname was Grendel. Every night, Grendel would attack the Danes, killing people that got in his way. â€Å"How many times have my men,.../ sworn to stay after dark/ And stem that horror with a sweep of their swords./ And then, in the morning, this mead-hall glittering/ With new light would be drenched with blood, the benches/ Stained red, the floors, all wet from that fiend s/ Savage assault-and my soldiers would be fewer/ Still death taking more and more. (Beowulf). This occurred for years on end which

Current Treatments Free Essays

Technological advances are probably one of the most beneficial things that happened to man. It has allowed people to live their lives easier with the help of machines and programs. One area that seems to benefit from technological innovations is the medical field. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Treatments or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, the latest developments in medicine and health care have provided people the opportunity to live longer and more comfortably. This is evidenced by better medications, diagnosis, and treatment plans for patients. Personally, I believe that the need for better health care led scientists and health care providers to the development of current treatments. Better knowledge in technology also helped professionals in establishing and discovering new treatments for patients. This is seen in Maguire’s (2002) study wherein he compared two patients who has the same type of illness. One is a former patient who appeared to have succumbed to the symptoms of schizophrenia and was not able to improve and live a normal life even with the medications available at that time. The other patient receives a newer medication for schizophrenia and is able to go back to school and live comfortably. The latter patient was able to benefit from the improvements in the field of health care. â€Å"With advancements in such medications, patients with schizophrenia no longer need to lead a life totally dictated by this order† (Maguire, 2002, p. 10). â€Å"Consequently, they need considerable support and approval in therapy, to help them disclose symptoms that typically seem shameful to them and make the potentially frightening behavioral changes that will be asked of them† (Author, p. 277). Professionals in the field of health care should never be contented with the current treatments and should always look for ways to improve the lives of patients. This can be especially said in the field of psychotherapy wherein current treatment plans and strategies will not always work for every individual and the changing of times affect people’s behaviors, which can affect the treatments that were once thought as the best ones. How to cite Current Treatments, Papers

Marketing & Management for Private Lavel Brand †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Private Lavel Brand. Answer: Introduction Planter peanut company is an organization that was founded in 1906 and a division ofKraft Foods and has completed a century in the U.S. market in this year. This organization is known for its processednuts and the icon for the organization that is Mr. Peanut is famous. The annual revenue obtained by this organization in the year 2016 until now is $997.2 million that is lower than the private level brand, which earned $1225.5 (Statista 2016). Figure 1: Sales of the nuts brands in the United States in 2016 (Source: Statista 2016) However, this organization is struggling for better productivity and profitability due to their low performance and thus, the principal objective of this assignment is to diagnose the problem along with the analysis of consumer behaviour in the snack nut category so that their performance can be resolved. In addition to that, the marketing research strategy undertaken by the Kraft Foods Group that is different from the Planters Nuts Company which is followed by the Planters Nuts current segmentation, targeting and positioning. Lastly, the assignment wraps up with some recommended strategy regarding brand positioning of the concerned organization so that better productivity can be achieved. Discussion This section comprises of the 5C framework that consists of the company, its customer, competitors, collaborator and context. The context can be welly described through the PEST analysis by depicting the environmental factor about the concerned organization. In addition to that, a factor in consumer behaviour will also be covered in this section along with the current segmentation, targeting and positioning. Application of the 5Cs framework for evaluating the Planters Nuts problem Figure 2: 5C Framework of marketing (Source: Yadav et al. 2013) Company Moradi et al. (2013) depict that even though the organization has gained popularity for their products but they had to struggle for their low margin price. The prime reason for this low margin is the volatile price of the peanuts, which is not declining at an exponential rate but do so at a steady pace over a period. Additionally, Yadav et al. (2013) portray that organization had to struggle after introducing almonds and pistachios and thus suffered from leaky bucket problem due to which they lose customers and market share.It is also evident from the case study that a majority of people prefer almonds to other nuts, as they are a health concern. Figure 3: Customer Perceptions towards Nuts (Source: Planters.com 2016) Thus, from the above statistics, it is evident that expect low-income group; every other group prefers the consumption of almonds compared to any other nuts. Another strategy due to which they are struggling is that they do not spend much on the advertisement. Planters have spent $15.million whereas their competitor Wonderful have to spend $21.4 million (Planters.com 2016). Customer The customers they are targeting for the consumption of the business products are health conscious people and the people who intend to purchase wholesome snacks and favor healthy nuts over processed nuts products (Ruteri and Xu 2013). The problem that they face is that they lose some revenue for almonds and pistachios, who cannot afford those costly products and the high-income group does not prefer to buy tradition peanuts products for which the organization is famous in the community. Moreover, Ngo and O'Cass (2013) portrayed that when the organization takes initiatives for boosting their sales up by manufacturing mixed nuts. The primary reason is to provide customers a chance to purchase every flavour of nuts in one packet, it was a complete failure of their business strategy, as they do not survey for the customers demands and thus have to lose a significant percentage of annual revenue. Competitor Ford and Hkansson (2013) depicts that there are a number of competitors who manufactures snacks products to attract customers with their mouth-watering products. Several processed nut-manufacturing products are strong competitors of the concerned organization Planters Nut Company- Store Brand, Wonderful, Blue Diamond, Emerald and Hampton Farmers. Rothlin and McCann (2016) further demonstrated with the statistical details that the competitor nut origination Wonderful also adopts the strategy for advertising their products. It is also found that Wonderful has 65% more market shares than Planters Nuts in sales of pistachios (Planters.com 2016). Moreover, Mkinen et al. (2013) highlight the details of Store Brand that illustrates that this organization leads market shares in every type of nuts except peanuts and mixed nuts. Figure 4: Market share of Planters and its competitors (Source: Planters.com 2016) Ford and Hkansson (2013) also depicts on the target market of the competitors and it is found from his research that their primary target is especially the women who are 35years and above, secondary target market are the health conscious men and lastly, they also emphasizes on the younger men of age 25 to 34years. On the other hand, Planters only target men and health conscious people. Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2013) also illustrates that Emerald is significant competitors as their products to do business is same that of the Planters. Collaborator They do not have any collaborators as they areis the split industry of the Kraft Food Group. They are sole company that sells confectionary nuts products for satisfying their consumer's needs for the nuts products. Context The best tools that can be used in this context are the PEST analysis that can identify their business macro-environmental factors. Image 5: PEST Analysis (Source: Shabanova et al. 2015) Political issues The political issue that is faced by the organization is the new legislation from the regulating bodies that arise from War or Terror. Shabanova et al. (2015) also depict that apart from the variation in the government rule, US has a stable democratic setup that is fair and transparent with the traders and supplier. The government also emphasizes on the formulation of natural products and agriculture so it can be stated that the political factors have a favorable support. Economic issues In recent time US has its GDP of over $16.760 trillion, which is the largest economy in the world. However, Cullingworth and Caves (2013) portrays that the country is suffering from a budget deficitof $506 million that puts the economic prosperity of the country at the grave. Reeves et al. (2012) hence mentioned that these monetary risks affect the business as the cost of the products rise that is not affordable for low-income people. Social impacts As mentioned above, in the society the health consciousness has become a major concern. Bryman and Bell (2015) portrays that this leads to the lesser sale of the peanuts that is the patent products of the Planters. Moreover, the rate of aged people is increasing at an exponential rate in the US and they are recommended by a doctor not to consume must fatty products like nuts due to their health issues, which affect their annual profit by a significant amount. Technological developments According to the viewpoint of Marshall et al. (2014), the company suffers from technological advancement as in recent times organization mostly emphasizes on the information technology. Moreover, Bashan et al. (2014) depict that, their competitor's techniques can be improved for the growth of the peanuts at a massive amount so that more profitability can be attained that the concerned organization lacks. In addition to that, Verbeke (2013) portrays that the organization also implements technology in packaging procedure that was a plastic bottle in older days and a canned package in recent times. The primary benefits of the canned package are that these products are eco-friendly and store the nuts intact in their nutrients benefits than the plastic bottle. Analysis of consumer behaviour Price The Plants nuts company manufactures nuts products for their consumers. Solomon (2014) demonstrates that the price of the product influence the consumer and the low rate of peanut can be easily affordable to communities. However, the concerned organization took initiatives for selling almonds and pistachios and mixed nuts that cost much higher than the peanuts and hence lower-income group cannot afford the price. Health Benefits According to Solomon et al. (2012), nuts products are rich in fats and are good in tastes; however, they do not have positive aspect always. Thus, from the case studies, it can be depicted that people who are more concern about their health do not prefer these products. Doctors also suggest child and elderly people not to consume more nutty products that may affect the sale of their products. Perception This context can be related to the brand equity of an organization, which signifies that it is more important to value the products and the services rather than the brand name. Planters emphasize on five brand equity measures- quality, relevance, uniqueness, popularity and familiarity. Schiffman et al. (2013) further explain that if consumers get premium quality peanuts every time they made a purchase, they will develop a tendency to buy that product compared to other nut products irrespective of the high price. Moreover, the concerned organization celebrates their 100years in 2016 and hence communities of US are well aware of the brand Planter. Marketing research of Kraft Foods Group Vs Planters Nuts Planters Nuts Company is a division of Kraft Foods Group, which is associated with the grocery products for the North American market. Later they had split to an organization named Mondelz International that deals with the business of the international confectionery and snack brands. Verbeke (2013) illustrates that Kraft Food Group emphasizes on the customary practices like an evaluation of brand health. This approach can be achieved by taking survey directly from the customers and gather information about their brands to increase their productivity. The organization targets their conventional consumers that are the men, who belong to 35 to 65years and the people, who understand the value of the naturally remarkable products (From of the case study). On the other hand, it is found that Planter only focuses on the sale of their products and thus the point of difference is the absence of real nourishments that enhance the consumer's health. They also implement the strategy for selling salted and roasted nuts products that may be mouth-watering in taste but consumption of these products more will result in unnecessary fats. Marketing strategy of Planters Nuts The marketing strategy Planters Nuts can be depicted through the marketing 4p strategy. Figure 6: Marketing Mix Strategy (Source: Balogun et al. 2014) Segmentation There are several products that the concerned organization is formulated under five categories- Nuts and seeds, nut mixes, culinary and limited edition products. In this scenario, also Podolyakina and Popova (2014) presented that nuts and seeds comprise of cashews, peanuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, raw nuts, sunflower seeds and nuts and pistachios. Planters also focus on the mixed nuts products that are dessert-inspired mixes, NUT-rition mixes, nuts and trail mixes (Planters.com 2016). The prime objective is to present a wide variety of nutty products to their loyal customers of every age group and income group. Targeting The organization has their firm existence in the markets of United States; however, the parent organization Kraft Food Group, it is headquartered in Chicago and they are providing their grocery items across the globe. Balogun et al. (2014) depict that they also target the busiest streets of the US so that maximum products can access their stores. They also take initiatives for associating with the local retailer's shops at a different location of the US so that every individual can use their products for a better experience. In addition to that, they have also innovated new products for health conscious customers like cooking oil, walnuts and have nut mixes cans as their limited edition products. Moreover, the strategy of the pricing is to be reasonable so that they can target every group of the community. Danziger et al. (2014) further add that they also follow the strategy of the competitive pricing strategy for surviving in the market. The primary objective of this approach is to provide a choice to the customers so that they can select the best products in their budget. Thus, the concerned organization not only values in their pricing strategies but they will also focus on improving the better quality of the products. Positioning In the year 1998, Plants Nuts Company first introduces the PlantersTrail Mix in a NUTmobile, which is a peanut shaped van that promotes their brands and their products. Later in the year 2004, the icon of the Planters brand earned a spot on Madison Avenues Advertising Walk of Fame. Guo et al. (2013) also adopt another promotional strategy for hosting campaigns and one such example is the Power of the Peanut Campaign. The primary objective for adopting the promotional strategy is to make everyone aware of their products for attaining maximum financial growth of the company. Ellickson et al. (2012) on the other hand further adds that promotions also reveals the implementation of the new products like Dessert-Inspired Mixes are introduces in the 2015 and people now enjoy this product as they came to know about this products through their digital campaign. Recommendation for brand positioning Sirianni et al. (2013) define that brand positioning is a procedure of positioning your brand in the customers perception. It is evident from the case study that Planter Nuts Company has followed their brand equity; however, adopting better branding positioning not only provide a competitive advantage but it also ensures the longevity of the organization. In this section, some brand position strategy is depicted that can be used for overcoming the drawbacks for which the organization is facing difficulty. It is stated by Gammoh et al. (2015) that managing authorities of the concerned organization have to assess the current positioning of the organization. As the organization is a well-renowned organization, so they can implement new and modern technology for achieving their business objective in an efficient way. Moreover, they should also take initiatives for incorporating IT technology like POS devices and online facility so that customer can access their services from anywhere. In addition to that, they can also spend a significant portion of their revenue on the RD department for formulating new ways of improving their products like make peanuts products healthier (Ng and La Blanc). In this way, more customers can purchase their products. In addition to that, implementation of ERP system can also be one of the innovative steps that can enhance the brand position of the concerned organization. This technology is used for performing all the things through digital technology for effe ctive and efficient business procedure. The next step is to identify the direct competitors of the organization and their positive outcome of the business strategies. The leader of Planter Nuts Company can host regular meetings and unofficial gathering where they can formulate theories for better business approach than their competitor and suggests ideas for introducing new and innovative products. Another method is to assess the drawbacks of the companys pitfalls and trying to resolve the difficulty. Customers can get more attracted towards This can be accomplished through a regular survey to their customers about the positive and negative perspective of their products and based on which further assessment can be performed. Moreover, loyal bonus programs can also be implemented so that the customers can get more attracted towards the nut products. Reference List Balogun, J., Jacobs, C., Jarzabkowski, P., Mantere, S. and Vaara, E., 2014. Placing strategy discourse in context: Sociomateriality, sensemaking, and power. Journal of Management Studies, 51(2), pp.175-201. Bashan, Y., de-Bashan, L.E., Prabhu, S.R. and Hernandez, J.P., 2014. Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology: formulations and practical perspectives (19982013). Plant and Soil, 378(1-2), pp.1-33. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cullingworth, J.B. and Caves, R., 2013. Planning in the USA: policies, issues, and processes. Routledge. Danziger, S., Hadar, L. and Morwitz, V.G., 2014. Retailer pricing strategy and consumer choice under price uncertainty. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), pp.761-774. Ellickson, P.B., Misra, S. and Nair, H.S., 2012. Repositioning dynamics and pricing strategy. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(6), pp.750-772. Ford, D. and Hkansson, H., 2013. Competition in business networks.Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7), pp.1017-1024. Gammoh, B.S., Koh, A.C. and Okoroafo, S.C., 2015. Global Vs. Local Brand Positioning Strategies: the Moderating Effect Of Belief in Global Citizenship. In Proceedings of the 2010 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 314-314). Springer International Publishing. Guo, X., Ling, L., Dong, Y. and Liang, L., 2013. Cooperation contract in tourism supply chains: The optimal pricing strategy of hotels for cooperative third party strategic websites. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, pp.20-41. Mkinen, S.J., Dedehayir, O., Adner, R., Oxley, J. and Silverman, B.S., 2013. Collaboration and competition in business ecosystems. Marshall, N.A., Dowd, A.M., Fleming, A., Gambley, C., Howden, M., Jakku, E., Larsen, C., Marshall, P.A., Moon, K., Park, S. and Thorburn, P.J., 2014. Transformational capacity in Australian peanut farmers for better climate adaptation. Agronomy for sustainable development, 34(3), pp.583-591. Moradi, M., Aghaie, A. and Hosseini, M., 2013. An agent-based knowledge management framework for marketing-mix decision making. International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences (IJSDS), 4(3), pp.109-128. Ng, A.Y.H. and La Blanc, S.M., Microsoft Corporation, 2014. POS hardware abstraction. U.S. Patent 8,806,508. Ngo, L.V. and O'Cass, A., 2013. Innovation and business success: The mediating role of customer participation. Journal of Business Research,66(8), pp.1134-1142. Planters.com., 2016. Home | Planters. [online] Available at: https://www.planters.com/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Podolyakina, N. and Popova, Y., 2014. Development of Product Promotional Strategy Considering the Risk of Non-demand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, pp.805-811. Prahalad, C.K. and Ramaswamy, V., 2013. The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers. Harvard Business Press. Reeves, A., Stuckler, D., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S.S. and Basu, S., 2012. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. The Lancet, 380(9856), pp.1813-1814. Rothlin, S. and McCann, D., 2016. Free and Fair Competition in Business. In International Business Ethics (pp. 91-107). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ruteri, J.M. and Xu, Q., 2013. Consumers Perceptions of Advanced Booking Discount Program Applied on Processed Food Products. Global Journal of Logistics and Business Management, 1, pp.20-27. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., Salimov, L.N. and Akhmadeev, M.G., 2015. PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the Most Important Tools to Strengthen the Competitive Advantages of Commercial Enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), p.705. Sirianni, N.J., Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W. and Mandel, N., 2013. Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning. Journal of Marketing, 77(6), pp.108-123. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Statista., 2016. Leading snack nuts brands sales U.S., 2016 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/189620/top-snack-nut-brands-in-the-united-states/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Verbeke, A., 2013. International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Yadav, M.S., De Valck, K., Hennig-Thurau, T., Hoffman, D.L. and Spann, M., 2013. Social commerce: a contingency framework for assessing marketing potential. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp.311-323.

Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example

Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis Paper 1st Essay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis John F. Kennedys greatest triumph as President came in 1962, as the worlds two largest superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, edged closer and closer to nuclear war. The Soviet Premier of Russia was caught arming Fidel Castro with nuclear weapons. The confrontation left the world in fear for thirteen long days, with the life of the world on the line. Khrushchev, Premier of the Soviet Union, secretly ordered the placement of Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba. This was thefirst time any such weapons had been placed outside Eurasia. Historians have offered several explanations for his actions. One factor in his decision was strategic. A year earlier, the United States had placed several medium-range nuclear missiles in Turkey. Another factor was a threat by the United States to one of the Soviet Unions satellite countries, Cuba. The United States had, in the past, attempted to kill Castro. In July 1962, the United States found out that nuclear missile shipments were being mad e to Cuba. US U-2 spy planes flew over the island, bringing back reports of construction and ballistic missiles. On September 4, the Soviet ambassador met with Robert Kennedy to discuss a message from Khrushchev. According to the message, the military build-up was defensive in nature and not militarily threatening. Robert Kennedy informed the ambassador that the United States would closely watch all military activity in Cuba and warned of severe consequences should the Soviets place offensive weapons. President Kennedy did not believe the message. He asks Congress for the authority to mobilize over 100,000 reservists into active duty. The Soviets response was that they could fire rockets from Russia just as easily as from Cuba. Offensive missiles in Cuba, they argued, were therefore unnecessary for an offensive base. Furthermore, the United States has twelve times the firepower of the Soviets. 2nd Essay Sample on cuban missile crisis Russian government promised you say that than that of the missiles into Cuba.One day U.S. spy plane finds out the missiles actually in the Cuba, so American government gets very said and the size to full force missiles out of Cuba.The letter one comes from Krishev that says if you promise not to invade Cuba than we would take the missiles back. Than the second letter comes from a show that says you have to promise not to invade Cuba and take your missiles back to the John F. Kennedy decides to do air attack or invade, because Soviet Union was pushing it. John F. Kennedy thought that Russia is trying to start the war because therere putting missiles in Cuba. Before an attack John F. Kennedy tries to answer thefirst letter that Krishev sent.Before that move John F. Kennedy decides to send his brother to speak secretly with Russian government, because hes brother was very friendly and understanding.At the meeting with Russian government Kennedys brother tells the Russian government tha t he should worry because were going to take the missiles away from Cuba, just keep this meeting down low so that the whole world were have to know about this. So Russian government decides to agree with Kennedys brother and take the misses away from Cuba. The arguments about Kennedys decision not to attack Cuba were good and bad.Some people thought that Kennedy should have attacked Cuba and destroyed the missiles.And some people thought that it was right decision to fight this problem peacefully, so that nobody would get hurt.I personally think that it was better to so the problem without letting the chain of events go off.Because if Kennedy would have decided to do an air attack on Cuba, then Krushev would decide to attack Turkey and get American missiles out. 3rdEssay Sample on cuban missile crisis We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Cuban Missile Crisis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People say that the world has never come closer to destroying itself than in October, 1962. There has not been another time in history in which two superpowers with nuclear abilities challengend each other,that could have brought a premature end to the world. With the threat of muclear warfare, never before had the death of so many people become so near. The Kennedy administration had been put through a test. A test that, if failed, could have meant the death of more than 200 million people around the world. This event showed just how serious the issue of living in the nuclear age can be. For thirteen days in October of 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union came to the edge of a nuclear war.Before October, the United States intellignece knew that the Soviets were sending weapons to Cuba, but did not know whether these arms included offensive weapons. Moscow had never sent offensive weapons anywhere out of Russia, not even China, who was one of Russia’s strongest allies at the time. The Soviet government told its ambasssador to reassure the U.S. that only defensive weapons were being placed in Cuba. President Kennedy announced to the ambassador that he would not order an invasion of Cuba unless he knew that Cuba had become an offensive base for the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union assured the United States that this would not happen, however, on October 16, when President Kennedy was informed that the U.S. had discovered nuclear missiles in Cuba. The president was shocked. He could fathom why the Soviet Union would take such a risk, a riskthat could lead to nuclear confrontation. After many meetings with Kennedy and his administration, four possibilities had been drawn up. One reason of why the Soviet Union might have placed ballistic missles in Cuba was for Cuban defense. 4thEssay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet Union was very much behind the United States in the arms race or the Cold War. Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe but U.S. missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev decided upon the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba, he eventually put his idea into action. Positioning the missiles in Cuba would double the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide prevention of potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union.Fidel Castro allowed Khrushchev to position his missiles in Cuba because Fidel Castro was looking for a way to defend his island nation from an attack by the U.S. Ever since the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961, Castro felt a second attack was inevitable. On October 15 the United States learned of the secret missile bases in Cuba through reconnaissance photos and President Kennedy was immediately informed. President Kennedy saw this as a threat to the United States and to world peace and immediately took action. On October 22, 1962 President Kennedy address the nation and the world.He informed the nation that these missiles were capable of striking the eastern two thirds of the United States as well as much of Latin America.President John F. Kennedy called on Premier Khrushchev to halt and eliminate this provocative threat to world peace in order to establish a better relationship between the two nations. Upon learning of this threat facing the nation President Kennedy immediately organized the ExComm, a group of his twelve most important advisors to handle the crisis. After seven days of guarded and intense debate within the upper echelons of government, Kennedy concluded to impose a naval quarantine around Cuba. He wanted to prevent the arrival of more Soviet offensive weapons on the island.By this time tension was growing on both sides. 5thEssay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis Many agree that the Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war; but exactly how close did it come? The Crisis was ultimately a showdown between the United States and the Soviet Union from October 16 to October 28, 1962. During those thirteen stressful days, the worlds two biggest superpowers stood on the brink of a nuclear catastrophe. The Crisis started as a result of both the Soviet Unions fear of losing the arms race, and Cubas fear of US invasion. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, thought that both problems could easily be solved by placing Soviet medium range missiles in Cuba. This deployment would double the Soviet arsenal and protect Cuba from US invasion. Khrushchev proposed this idea to Cuban Premier, Fidel Castro, who, like Khrushchev, saw the strategic advantage. The two premiers worked together in secrecy throughout the late-summer and early-fall of 1962. The Soviets shipped sixty medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) along with their warheads, launch equipment, and necessary operating personnel to Cuba. When United States President, John F. Kennedy discovered the presence of these offensive weapons, he immediately organized EX-COMM, a group of his twelve most important advisors. They spent the next couple of days discussing different possible plans of action and finally decided to remove the US missiles from Turkey and promise not to invade Cuba in exchange for the removal of all offensive weapons in Cuba. On October 28, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a letter stating that he agreed to the terms Kennedy stated, and the crisis ended. The Cuban Missile Crisis can be blamed on the insecurity of Cuba and the Soviet Union. After the United States unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro and end communism in Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, Castro was fearful of another US invasion. 6thEssay Sample on Cuban Missile Crisis In 1960, as tensions grew between the Soviet Union and the United States, the premier of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, began planning to secretly supply Cuba with nuclear missiles.Not until 1962 did the United States gain knowledge of these actions and begin to take action.The United States president, John F. Kennedy, warned, The gravest issues would arise should the Soviets continue to place nuclear weapons in Cuba.A standoff took place between the two great nations as the rest of the world looked on and held its breath.This became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. While the Soviets incessantly stated that they were defensive missiles the United States saw them as clearly offensive weapons of sudden mass destruction and demanded their removal.However, with the Soviets declaring that they were solely for defensive purposes, how could the U.S. justify taking action?It was determined that each missile was capable of traveling a distance of more than 1000 nautical miles.There w ere also additional sites designed for ballistic missiles traveling twice as far, jet bombers being assembled, and the necessary air bases being prepared.This put Washington D.C. or any other city in the southeastern part of the United States in jeopardy of being struck by one of these missiles. For a long time, the Soviets thought that they were years a head of the US in terms of intercontinental missiles. After all, they had put ‘Sputnik’ into orbit, well before the US had dreamt of such an act. Most of the Soviet organizations did not believe that there was a necessity to build more intercontinental missiles. This laxity made it harder for the Soviets to understand and deal with the fact that they had been surpassed.

Behistun Inscription - Message to the Persian Empire

Behistun Inscription - Message to the Persian Empire The Behistun inscription (also spelled Bisitun or Bisotun and typically abbreviated as DB for Darius Bisitun) is a 6th century BCE Persian Empire carving. The ancient billboard includes four panels of cuneiform writing around a set of three-dimensional figures, cut deep into a limestone cliff. The figures are carved 300 feet (90 meters) above the Royal Road of the Achaemenids, known today as the Kermanshah-Tehran highway in Iran. Fast Facts: Behistun Steel Name of Work:  Behistun InscriptionArtist or Architect: Darius the Great, ruled 522–486 BCEStyle/Movement: Parallel CuneiformTextPeriod: Persian EmpireHeight: 120 feetWidth: 125 feetType of Work: Carved inscriptionCreated/Built: 520–518 BCEMedium: Carved Limestone BedrockLocation: Near Bisotun, IranOffbeat Fact: The earliest known example of political propagandaLanguages: Old Persian, Elamite, Akkadian The carving is located near the town of Bisotun, Iran, about 310 miles (500 kilometers) from Tehran and about 18 mi (30 km) from Kermanshah. The figures show the crowned Persian king Darius I stepping on Guatama (his predecessor and rival) and nine rebel leaders standing before him connected by ropes around their necks. The figures measures some 60x10.5 ft (18x3.2 m) and the four panels of text more than double the overall size, creating an irregular rectangle of approximately 200x120 ft (60x35 m), with the lowest part of the carving some 125 ft (38 m) above the road. Behistun Text The writing on the Behistun inscription, like the Rosetta Stone, is a parallel text, a type of linguistic text that consists of two or more strings of written language placed alongside each other so they can be easily compared. The Behistun inscription is recorded in three different languages: in this case, cuneiform versions of Old Persian, Elamite, and a form of Neo-Babylonian called Akkadian. Like the Rosetta Stone, the Behistun text greatly assisted in the decipherment of those ancient languages: the inscription includes the earliest known use of Old Persian, a sub-branch of Indo-Iranian. A version of the Behistun inscription written in Aramaic (the same language of the Dead Sea Scrolls) was discovered on a papyrus scroll in Egypt, probably written during the early years of the reign of Darius II, about a century after the DB was carved into the rocks. See Tavernier (2001) for more specifics about the Aramaic script. Royal Propaganda The text of the Behistun inscription describes the early military campaigns of the Achaemenid rule King Darius I (522–486 BCE). The inscription, carved shortly after Dariuss accession to the throne between 520 and 518 BCE, give autobiographical, historical, royal and religious information about Darius: the Behistun text is one of several pieces of propaganda establishing Dariuss right to rule. The text also includes Dariuss genealogy, a list of the ethnic groups subject to him, how his accession occurred, several failed revolts against him, a list of his royal virtues, instructions to future generations and how the text was created.   So, What Does it Mean? Most scholars agree that the Behistun inscription is a bit of political bragging. Dariuss main purpose was to establish the legitimacy of his claim to Cyrus the Greats throne, to which he had no blood connection. Other bits of Dariuss braggadocio are found in others of these trilingual passages, as well as big architectural projects at Persepolis and Susa, and the burial places of Cyrus at Pasargadae and his own at Naqsh-i-Rustam. Historian Jennifer Finn (2011) noted that the location of the cuneiform is too far above the road to be read, and few people were likely literate in any language anyway when the inscription was made. She suggests that the written portion was meant not only for public consumption but that there was likely a ritual component, that the text was a message to the cosmos about the king. Translations and Interpretations Henry Rawlinson is credited with the first successful translation in English, scrambling up the cliff in 1835, and publishing his text in 1851. The 19th-century Persian scholar Mohammad Hasan Khan Etemad al-Saltaneh (1843–96) published the first Persian translation of the Behistun translation. He noted but disputed the then-current idea that Darius or Dara might have been matched to King Lohrasp of the Zoroastrian religious and Persian epic traditions.   Israeli historian Nadav Naaman has suggested (2015) that the Behistun inscription may have been a source for the Old Testament story of Abrahams victory over the four powerful Near Eastern kings. Sources Alibaigi, Sajjad, Kamal Aldin Niknami, and Shokouh Khosravi. The Location of the Parthian City of Bagistana in Bistoun, Kermanshah: A Proposal. Iranica Antiqua 47 (2011): 117–31. Print.Briant, Pierre. History of the Persian Empire (550–330 BC). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Eds. Curtis, John E., and Nigel Tallis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. 12–17. Print.Daryaee, Touraj. Persianate Contribution to the Study of Antiquity: Etemad Al-Saltanehs Nativisation of the Qajars. Iran 54.1 (2016): 39–45. Print.Ebeling, Signe Oksefjell, and Jarie Ebeling. From Babylon to Bergen: On the Usefulness of Aligned Texts. Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 3.1 (2013): 23–42. Print.Finn, Jennifer. Gods, Kings, Men: Trilingual Inscriptions and Symbolic Visualizations in the Achaemenid Empire. Ars Orientalis 41 (2011): 219–75. Print.Naaman, Nadav. Abrahams Victory over the Kings of the Four Quadrants in Light of Darius Is Bis itun Inscription. Tel Aviv 42.1 (2015): 72–88. Print. Olmstead, A. T. Darius and His Behistun Inscription. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 55.4 (1938): 392–416. Print.Rawlinson, H. C. Memoir on the Babylonian and Assyrian Inscriptions. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 14 (1851): i–16. Print.Tavernier, Jan. An Achaemenid Royal Inscription: The Text of Paragraph 13 of the Aramaic Version of the Bisitun Inscription. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60.3 (2001): 61–176. Print.Wilson-Wright, Aren. From Persepolis to Jerusalem: A Reevaluation of Old Persian-Hebrew Contact in the Achaemenid Period. Vetus Testamentum 65.1 (2015): 152–67. Print.

Global business enironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global business enironment - Essay Example Although global organisation operations are intense in the developed nations, the developing nations have also been impacted in one way. Amid the globalisation and diversification of production, the benefit of business activities that are carried out abroad has increased rapidly than even domestic markets (David, Joakim & Richard, 2008).Therefore, the essay evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of globalization for business. Today wave of globalisation that began immediately after World War II has moved businesses and entire world economy to a state of interdependence, and it enabled it through making possible expansion of investment and trade across the national borders. Multinational companies that are always referred as borderless organisations have played a key role in accelerating the pace of world economic interdependence and integration by expanding their businesses (Wallerstein, 2009). Globalisation has led to the dismantling of national barriers and the breakdown of barriers to the flow of goods, capital, services, ideas and people, and the explosion in the volume, complexity and variety of those flows. In addition, it has led to increasing uniformity and standardisation among businesses, the growing homogenisation of infrastructure, policy, and ideas to conform to the global platforms(Wallerstein, 2009). For most of the business organisation, globalisation means an opportunity of taking advantage of scale, and exploiting synergistic benefits, as well as benefiting from the geographical merits and the market power advantages. However, according to the scale economy theory, the average cost per unit goes down as the amount of goods and services that are provided increases. Growth and expansion abroad of the business are the key strengths to getting the benefits of scale, hence achieving important cost reduction for the cost of a production unit, sales system

Toyota Company Environmental Audit Literature review

Toyota Company Environmental Audit - Literature review Example Firstly, the paper will identify the different drivers creating awareness of environmental damage. Secondly, the paper will describe Toyota’s current ‘green’ policies along with supportive evidences. Thirdly, the paper will discuss how effectively the organisation has developed and executed green policies. Finally, the paper will recommend the Toyota management on how the organisation can improve its marketing mix by developing further ‘green’ strategies involving its products and markets. A standard research method has been used for this study, including secondary information and principal sources. The hypothesis is that modern customers give great emphasis on environmental safety while considering the purchase of automobiles. 2. Literature Review Evidently, external and internal drivers force Toyota to become more environmentally focussed. The external drivers mainly include government policy and legislation while cost savings, business ethics, sust ainability, and public relations constitute internal drivers. However, internal drivers are stronger than external factors in forcing the organisation to develop and implement improved green strategies. The organisation is still in its growth phase and therefore Toyota management strives to improve its corporate social responsibility policies. External drivers While analysing different legislative systems, majority of the national governments impose strict restrictions on automobile manufacturing industry as this sector is accounted for a notable percent of the total global pollution. Combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles causes emission of large volumes of CO2, which is an important green house gas contributing to ozone layer depletion and thereby global warming (OECD, 2001, p.173). As Cleff et al (2004, p. 157) point out, the European Union has imposed a set of tough restrictions on its automotive industry in order to promote environmental sustainability. The authors opine that s uch restrictions would foster competitiveness and technological innovations in the automotive sector in addition to promoting environmentally friendly operations (ibid). Internal drivers Business sustainability is one of the major internal drivers which forces Toyota to pay specific attention to environmental safety. As discussed earlier, people today reject environmentally threatening products regardless of their superior features. Hence, automobile manufactures would be thrown out of the market if they cannot successfully develop eco-friendly vehicles. Obviously, Toyota also is compelled to adapt to new market trends that promote environmental sustainability. Costs saving strategies encourage Toyota to become more environmentally focussed. For instance, people’s growing awareness on electric and solar vehicles may assist the company to trim down its product promotion expenses. Similarly, environmentally friendly operations would aid the company to eliminate unnecessary fine s arising out of environmental policy violations. Ultimately, such an operation may assist the company to provide its customers with some price benefits as well. According to marketing mix concept, price is one of the major determinants of a product success, which also drives the company to give more focus on environmental management (Lecture note). Business ethics and public relations are other internal drivers influencing the organisation on the

The Importance Of Irrigation Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of Irrigation Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay The importance of irrigation agriculture for a country having agricultural lead industrialization policy and rainfall dependent community to cultivate is not far from anybody. Ethiopia recently has a population of over 80 million. Of these 80 percent are living in rural area and their day to day breath is depend on rain-fed agriculture and not food self sufficient. To make theses community food self sufficient irrigation agriculture can be one way conjunction with rain-fed agriculture. The country has huge water potential that can be used for irrigation. Thought the countries water potential for irrigation is high, due to many reason the countrys capacity to support agriculture through development of irrigation has been weak (Mengistu, 2000). Ethiopia endowed with relatively higher amounts of rainfall in the region and has a surface runoff of about 122 billion m3 of water and 28,000 Mm ³ ground water (GoE,1999). The abundant water resources have earned Ethiopia the name the water tower of East Africa (United Nations Development Programme 2006). However, even had this estimated water potential, the country cannot assure its food self-sufficiency. If the country uses all its efforts to collect all available water resources for crop production, there is a possibility that the country can cover its food deficit and can also export some crops like oil crops and cereals. Thought water resource potential is significant in Ethiopia, use of this resource especially for irrigation agriculture is not that much as its water potential. Cognizant to this fact, the government has taken initiatives towards developing irrigation schemes of various scales (Desta, 2004) Recently the government look at towards irrigation development projects from small scale to large scale to become food self sufficient. Ethiopia indeed has significant irrigation potential. Realizing the potential irrigation development can contribute towards food security and improved welfare, the Government has embarked on wide range of water development efforts throughout the country. In the last decade, small-scale irrigation and rainwater harvesting were the government agricultural policy to increase crop productivity and reduce water shortage for crop and animal production. In some parts of the regions, where there are scarce and erratic rainfall, there is evidence that irrigation has achieved positive impacts: better opportunity for production, better income, reduction of risks, and hence generated benefits for poor rural communities. Ethiopians population increases averagely 3% per year. To feed these rapidly increase population as a country rain fed irrigation alone can not a solution rather intervention of irrigation agriculture can be a solution for the country having huge water potential for irrigation. Many developing countries cannot meet their food consumption using rain fed agriculture that is why many of them Intervening irrigated agriculture in the economy to feed their rapidly increased population (Hailemariam, 2008). Irrigation is needed at any time when the moisture of the soil is not capable for plant growth while the water is available. Once if the soil moisture cannot supply enough moisture to the plant, the plant cannot grow or if it grows it cannot bring expected production. Therefore to avoid crop production failure due to moisture stress and increase crop production applying water to the crop is important. But the main determinant of irrigation projects in developing countries are its need of high cost of initial investment capital and operating and maintenance cost in case of construct huge dames or high river diversions. On the other hand if we see small scale irrigation projects they may not asking huge investment capital and operation and maintenance and it should be recommended for those developing countries which cannot stand with two legs in irrigation agriculture sector. But when we start intervening irrigation to the area we should start from suitability of available water resour ces. The country has highly-diversified agro-ecological conditions which are suitable for the production of various types of crops. The crops are produced under rain fed and irrigated condition. The government of Ethiopia(2010) in its Agricultural sector and investment framework policy, 2010-2020 stated that Cereals dominate Ethiopian agriculture, accounting for about 70 per cent of agricultural GDP Over the past decade, cereal production has more than doubled to nearly 15 million tones, as a result of horizontal expansion and increased yields. Even thought the government of Ethiopia (2010) in its Agricultural sector and investment framework policy, 2010-2020 stated that the food self sufficiency issue is still critical for many households and for the country as a whole (Tadesse, 2009). To challenge food security problem recently promotion of irrigation agriculture is given priority (Mekuria, 2003).Thus, implementation of small scale irrigation including hand dug well construction has become one of the activities both by the individuals as well as the government according to water potential of the area (Tadesse, 2009). Agriculture and rural development has been the central pillar of successive national development and poverty reduction plans and remains so under the new five year growth and transformation plan (FYGTP) announced in August 2010. There is a need, however, to increase development efforts and resources targeting high-potential rain fed areas and irrigation development, in order to accelerate productivity growth, agricultural led industrialization and long-term food security. Thus groundwater has become an important source for irrigation and it has become an integral part of the irrigation strategy to overcome food scarcity in many developing countries including in Ethiopia. Such efforts have helped to expand irrigation with time particularly from 1950s the expansion has been rapidly increasing (Rosegrant et al., 1999). Most agricultural production is used to meet household consumption needs and, for a very large number of households, there is a prolonged hunger season during the pre-har vest period. In all increasing productivity in smallholder agriculture is Governments top priority, recognizing the importance of the smallholder sub-sector, the high prevalence of rural poverty and the large productivity gap. Productivity enhancement however, must be complemented by efforts by introducing effective practices towards the farmer to help farmers from purely subsistence farming to semi-subsistence/ semi-commercial status practicing farming as a business and to adopt more sustainable natural resource management practices in order to arrest and reverse environmental degradation. But this may not achieved only by using rain fed agriculture, rather by conjunction use of surface water and ground water without affecting the environment. Therefore In order to achieve these far-reaching and ambitious objectives, Irrigation development perceived as one of the strategies with the potential for solving this problem and to be food self-sufficient. The government of Ethiopia has an irrigation development strategy, which aims to develop over 470,000 ha of irrigation by 2016 as promulgated in the Water Sector Strategy of 2001. Of this development, 52% will be large and medium scale schemes while the remaining 48% will be small-scale schemes (Government of the Republic of Ethiopia 2001). Because of the ambitious government plans to expand small scale irrigation in Ethiopia, and in view of increasing demand of water for various purposes like agricultural, domestic, and industries, a greater emphasis is being laid for a planned and optimal utilization of water resources. Even if Ethiopia has high surface water potential, due to uneven distribution of rainfall in both time and space, the surface water resources are unevenly distributed coupled with increasing water user sectors, may lead to conflict among water users, especially agricultural sector. To narrow this gap and increase productivity per drop of water, surface water alone is not the best solution. Considering this issue; giving emphasis on development of ground water resources for those areas having high ground water potential is crucial. Problem Sstatement Water for agriculture is increasingly recognized as a major constraint to improving the lives of the rural poor and is an important component of rural livelihood programs that need to be yet strongly established in Ethiopia. Irrigation has contributed significantly to poverty reduction, food security, and improving the quality of life for rural populations. The majority of existing traditional and modern irrigation schemes are micro level in size. Most of these schemes are used stream, river and lake diversions but some may be dependent on small dams and perennial springs which show ground water potential for irrigation did not get emphasis. Fogera is one of Blue Nile basin area in Ethiopia and known by flooded plain. The woreda has high ground water potential. Now a day there is irrigation practice in the area for production of vegetables, horticulture (onion, tomato and purple) and in some extent maize. Even if there is such practice in the area, beside high ground water potential almost all farmers are used two perennial rivers called Rib and Gumara as a water source for their irrigation crop production using motorized pump. But the beneficiary farmers are those having farm land near or around streams, while those farmers bounded with these rivers and have not farm land around the stream waiting until the rainy season to cultivate crops. Recently increasing in number of water users for crop production and other uses; the stream flow become drying the downstream especially starting from February to April. This leads to crop failure and reduction in crop production plus conflict among the up- stream and downstream water users. To solve this problem and participate on irrigation those farmers have not farm land around the streams and bounded by two streams, conjunction use of ground water and surface water for irrigation crop production is important. However, to assure these identifying opportunities and major constraints of the community that makes passive on ground water uses for irrigation crop production is primary task to the area having high ground water potential. Researchable Qquestions For a specific study of ground water constraints linking with issues of the use for irrigation crop production, a number of questions can be raised. The study tries to address the following major research questions: What are major constraints of the community to use ground water for irrigation crop production? Are the communities aware about their ground water potential for crop production? What types of practices were implemented in the area to promote ground water uses for irrigation crop production by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations? General and Specific Oobjectives In the Fogera plain groundwater is important source that can be used for irrigation crops year around. Reducing dependency on rainfall and stream water for crop production little has known about the potential use of ground water in the area. Rain fed agriculture alone cannot be insuring food self-sufficiency for the country having uneven distribution and erratic rainfall. Rather in addition to rain fed, implementing irrigation schemes according to water source potential weather surface or ground water is important. For those areas having high ground water potential, ground water may serve as a water source for irrigation crop production and increase income. But to use this precious natural resource actively and efficiently tackling obstacles related to ground water use for irrigation crop production is the primary task. This paper will investigate constraints in the Fogera Woreda on ground water uses for irrigation crop production. In particular it will:- Identify major constraints why farmers are not used ground water for irrigation crop production. Identifying major constraints of the community on ground water use for irrigation crop production, makes easy to decision makers to understand communitys problem on ground water irrigation and searching methods to solve the communitys problem on it. Evaluate communities awareness about the area ground water potential uses for irrigation crop production. It is important to the community to make them self-confident about their natural resource. If they are sure about their resource potential for irrigation crop production, they can through their doubt about ground water production potential and can cultivate crops like any perennial (chat) or seasonal which makes them profitable using ground water. Assessing best practice if there is, to promote ground water use for irrigation crop production in the area by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations. Assessing best practice done in the area on ground water use for irrigation is important for the community to scale up from one kebele to another. These practices also stimulate communities towards ground water use. Significance of the Study The government in the Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty policy (PASDEP, 2010) states to increase its total area of irrigated land from the current 640,000 hectares to about 1.8 Mha to the next five years. The intervention of the plan is to address most of the supply-demand gap within 15 years time through increasing the number of large, medium and small-scale irrigation schemes. But to make this dream fact the government should also use all available ware resources including surface and ground water. Fogera woreda has huge potential of ground water and an area of 76%flat which is suitable for irrigation. So the main objective of the study is identifying opportunities and major constraints of ground water use for irrigation crop production in the ground water rich area. once identifying major constraints and solve them the community involved completely on the use of ground water use for irrigation crop production and can play their role to the government pl an pulse increasing their income. The use of available water resources especially stream water is critical issue in the area for irrigation crop production and is source of conflict in the area. The study can also important to avoid and manage conflicts and ensure the participation of low level communities in the area if we can solve the communities problem on ground water use for irrigation. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study covers the time period of 2010/11in Fogera flood plain to identify opportunities and major constraints of the community on ground water use for irrigation crop production. There are more than 27 kebeles in the Fogera woreda but only six of them which are Kokit, Kideste Hana, Sena,Shaga,Nabega and Wagetera are only part of the study because of their natural location on the flood plain. But to do this the study also has its own limitation including, unavailability of ground water recharging rate and other related issue of ground water to show ground water potential of the study area, proper document on of training that farmers took on irrigation, yield of last season production of the farmers because farmers are not comfortable when they ask about their amount of income, The specific types of soil at the flood plain, water yield of wells and others. However to hit the target of the study, the study uses main questions and available secondary data which are use fill for the study.